Books: The Oz Series By L. Frank Baum

Image © of George Steckel and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Below are all of the fourteen fantasy books in the Oz series by L. Frank Baum via Project Gutenberg for you to download for FREE and a brief description of each book.

They come in PDF format and if you don’t have a PDF reader you can download one from here.  

Also shown is anything related to the Oz series which was written when Baum was alive.  I am not including anything to do with Oz written after his death but you can find out about all that at the bottom of this page.

The Land Of Oz 

The Land of Oz is a magical country first introduced in the 1900 children’s novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow.

Oz consists of four vast quadrants, the Gillikin Country in the north, Quadling Country in the south, Munchkin Country in the east, and Winkie Country in the west.  Each province has its own ruler, but the realm itself has always been ruled by a single monarch. According to The Marvelous Land of Oz, this monarch is Princess Ozma.

Originally, Baum did not intend for The Wonderful Wizard of Oz to have any sequels, but it achieved greater popularity than any of the other fairylands he created, including the land of Merryland in Baum’s children’s novel Dot and Tot in Merryland, written a year later.  Due to Oz’s worldwide success, Baum decided to return to it four years after The Wonderful Wizard of Oz was published.  For the next two decades, he described and expanded upon the land in the Oz Books, a series that introduced many fictional characters and creatures.  Baum intended to end the series with the sixth Oz book The Emerald City of Oz (1910), in which Oz is forever sealed off and made invisible to the outside world, but this did not sit well with fans, and he quickly abandoned the idea, writing eight more successful Oz books, and even naming himself the “Royal Historian of Oz.”

In all, Baum wrote fourteen best-selling children’s books about Oz and its enchanted inhabitants, as well as a spin-off series of six early readers.  After his death in 1919, author Ruth Plumly Thompson, illustrator John R. Neill (who had previously collaborated with Baum on his Oz books) and several other writers and artists continued the series.  There are now over 50 novels based upon Baum’s original Oz saga.

Baum characterized Oz as a real place, unlike MGM’s 1939 musical movie adaptation, which presents it as a dream of lead character Dorothy Gale.  According to the Oz books, it is a hidden fairyland cut off from the rest of the world by the Deadly Desert.

A shorthand reference for a person living in Oz is “Ozite”.  The term appears in Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz, The Road to Oz, and The Emerald City of Oz.  Elsewhere in the books, “Ozmie” is also used.  In the animated 1974 semi-sequel to the MGM film, Journey Back to Oz, “Ozonian” is in the script.  The term “Ozian” appears in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s stage adaptation of the MGM movie and in the work Wicked.  “Ozmite” was used in Reilly & Lee marketing in the 1920s, a fact which has suggested to some critics that “Ozmie” may have been a typographical error.

Read lots more about the Land Of Oz in great detail including its characteristics, geography, history, animals, races, magic, characters etc. by clicking here.

The Original Oz Books By L. Frank Baum

The Oz books form a book series that begins with The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and relates the fictional history of the Land of Oz.  All of Baum’s books are in the public domain in the United States.  In his Oz books, Baum created the illusion that characters such as Dorothy and Princess Ozma relayed their adventures in Oz to Baum themselves, by means of a wireless telegraph.

Book One: The Wonderful Wizard Of Oz (1900)

1900 first edition front cover image: © W. W. Denslow and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

A little farm girl named Dorothy and her pet dog, Toto, get swept away into the Land of Oz by a Kansas cyclone.  Upon her arrival, she is hailed as a sorceress, liberates a living Scarecrow, meets a man made entirely of tin, and a Cowardly Lion.  But all Dorothy really wants to know is how she can return home.  The ruler of Oz, the great Wizard, who resides in an Emerald City, may be the only one powerful enough to help her.  

This was also reprinted by various publishers under the names The New Wizard of Oz and The Wizard of Oz with occasional minor changes in the text.  It was originally written as a one-shot book.

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Book Two: The Marvelous Land Of Oz (1904)

1904 first edition front cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

A little boy, Tip, escapes from his evil guardian, the witch Mombi, with the help of a walking wooden figure with a jack-o’-lantern head named Jack Pumpkinhead (brought to life with the magic Powder of Life Tip stole from Mombi), as well as a living Sawhorse (created from the same powder).  Tip ends up on an adventure with the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman to help Scarecrow recapture his throne from General Jinjur’s army of girls.

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Book Three: Ozma Of Oz (1907)

1907 first edition cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

While travelling to Australia with her Uncle Henry, Dorothy is swept overboard with a hen named Billina.  They land in Ev, a country across the desert from Oz, where they encounter the wheelers and make a new friend, the mechanical man Tik-Tok.  They meet Princess Ozma, who is in Ev to attempt to save Ev’s royal family from the evil Nome King, and finally return to Oz.

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Book Four: Dorothy And The Wizard In Oz (1908)

1908 first edition cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

On her way back from Australia, Dorothy visits her cousin, Zeb, in California.  They are soon swallowed up by an earthquake, along with Zeb’s horse Jim and Dorothy’s cat Eureka.  The group soon meets up with the Wizard and all travel underground back to Oz.

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Book Five: The Road To Oz (1909)

1909 first edition cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Dorothy meets the Shaggy Man, and while trying to find the road to Butterfield, they get lost on an enchanted road.  As they travel they meet the rainbow’s daughter, Polychrome, and a little boy, Button-Bright.  They have all sorts of strange adventures on the way to Oz.

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Book Six: The Emerald City Of Oz (1910)

1910 first edition cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Dorothy Gale and her Uncle Henry and Aunt Em come to live in Oz permanently.  While they tour through the Quadling Country, the Nome King is tunnelling beneath the desert to invade Oz.  

This was originally intended to be the last book in the series.

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Book Seven: The Patchwork Girl Of Oz (1913)

1913 first edition front cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

A Munchkin boy named Ojo must find a cure to free his Uncle Nunkie from a magical spell that has turned him into a statue.  With the help of Scraps, an anthropomorphic patchwork doll, Ojo journeys through Oz to save his uncle.  

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Book Eight: Tik-Tok Of Oz (1914)

1914 first edition front cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Betsy Bobbin, a girl from Oklahoma, is shipwrecked with her mule, Hank, in the Rose Kingdom of Oz.  She meets the Shaggy Man there and the two try to rescue the Shaggy Man’s brother from the Nome King.  

This book is partly based upon Baum’s stage musical, The Tik-Tok Man of Oz, which was in turn based on Ozma of Oz.

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Book Nine: The Scarecrow Of Oz (1915)

1915 first edition front cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Cap’n Bill and Trot journey to Oz and, with the help of the Scarecrow, the former ruler of Oz, overthrow the villainous King Krewl of Jinxland. 

Cap’n Bill and Trot had previously appeared in two other novels by Baum, The Sea Fairies and Sky Island.  Based in part upon the 1914 silent film, His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz.  This was allegedly L. Frank Baum’s personal favourite Oz book.

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Book Ten: Rinkitink In Oz (1916)

1916 first edition front cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Young Prince Inga of Pingaree, aided by King Rinkitink, three powerful magical pearls, and a goat, attempts to rescue Inga’s parents and their subjects from marauding warriors who have laid waste to Pingaree and enslaved its people. 

Baum originally wrote this book as a non-Oz book which he titled King Rinkitink.

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Book Eleven: The Lost Princess Of Oz (1917)

1917 first edition front cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

When Princess Ozma mysteriously disappears, four search parties are sent out, one for each of Oz’s four countries.  Most of the book covers Dorothy and the Wizard’s efforts to find her.  Meanwhile, Cayke the Cookie Chef discovers that her magic dishpan (on which she bakes her famous cookies) has been stolen.  Along with the Frogman, they leave their mountain in Winkie Country to find the pan.

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Book Twelve: The Tin Woodman Of Oz (1918)

1918 first edition front cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

The Tin Woodman, whose real name is Nick Chopper, sets out to find the Munchkin Girl he had courted before he became a tin man.  He and his party (the Scarecrow and a new character who is called Woot the Wanderer) have numerous adventures on this quest.  They are transformed into animals by a hostile giantess, and they meet another live tin man, Captain Fyter, as well as a Frankenstein monster-like creature, Chopfyt, made from their combined fleshly parts by the tinsmith Ku-Klip.

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Book Thirteen: The Magic Of Oz (1919)

1919 first edition front cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Ruggedo, former Nome King, tries to conquer Oz again with the help of a Munchkin boy, Kiki Aru.  Meanwhile, it is also Ozma’s birthday, and all of Oz’s citizens are searching for the most unusual present for the little princess.

This was published a month after Baum’s death.

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Book Fourteen: Glinda Of Oz (1920)

1920 first edition front cover image: © John. R. Neill and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Dorothy, Ozma and Glinda try to stop a war in the Gillikin Country.

This was Baum’s last Oz book, and it was published posthumously.  This book contains a dark scene (in the house of Red Reera), most likely due to Baum’s failing health.  Many other Oz books have been released since the publication of Glinda of Oz, but none of them was written by Baum.

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Related To The Oz Series

The following are related to the Oz series of books written during the life of L. Frank Baum.

Queer Visitors From The Marvelous Land Of Oz  (1904 -1905)

Image © Walt McDougall and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Read about it here.

The Woggle-Bug Book (1905)

1905 front cover image is © Ike Morgan and is in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Read about it here.

Little Wizard Stories Of Oz (1913)

1905 first edition front cover image is © John R. Neill via Wikipedia

Read about it here.

The Littlest Giant: An Oz Story

I can’t find a cover for this or much more information so there is no separate page for it.

The Littlest Giant: An Oz Story is a short story written by Baum in 1917 and illustrated by Bill Eubank. It was discovered after his death with the first page missing.  It was published in The Baum Bugle in 1975.  It was a tale about a magic dart, nominally set in the Gillikin Country but otherwise, it made no reference to Oz.

To read other information relating to the Oz series including subsequent Oz books by other writers etc. after Baums death click here. 

The above descriptions were sourced from Wikipedia and are subject to change.   

Blog Posts

Notes And Links

The image above of L. Frank Baum shown at the top of this page is copyright of George Steckel.

The image above of Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz is copyright of Walt McDougall. 

The image above of The Woggle-Bug Book is copyright of Ike Morgan.

The image above of Little Wizard Stories Of Oz is copyright of John R. Neill.

All the above images are in the Public Domain via Wikipedia

Project Gutenberg – Project Gutenberg is an online library of free e-books and was the first provider of free electronic books.  Michael Hart, the founder of Project Gutenberg, invented e-books in 1971 and his memory continues to inspire the creation of them and related content today.

The Oz Archive on Facebook – Archiving and celebrating the legacy of Oz.

The Wonderful Wiki of Oz – Official website.  A wonderful and welcoming encyclopedia of all things Oz that anyone can edit or contribute Oz-related information and Oz facts to enjoy.

The Oz Archive on Twitter – Archiving and celebrating the legacy of Oz.

The Oz Archive on Instagram – Archiving and celebrating the legacy of Oz.

The Oz Archive on TikTok – Archiving and celebrating the legacy of Oz.  

Music: Pentatonix

Image © of Pentatonix via PTX Official on Instagram

I first heard about Pentatonix in 2017, I think? It was just before Avi Kaplan left anyway.  I was browsing YouTube, as I do, and that is how I found them, looking for a capella music.  I am glad I did.  PTX relax me so much and their music is even better with headphones on and is great for travelling on long journeys.

There is a playlist from my YouTube channel at the bottom of this page that contains some of my favourite songs by them.  There are so many to choose from! 

Beneath the playlist, you will find an index of all the songs featured in it.

About Pentatonix

Pentatonix (abbreviated PTX) is an American a cappella group from Arlington, Texas, consisting of vocalists Scott Hoying (baritone), Mitch Grassi (tenor), Kirstin Maldonado (alto), Kevin Olusola (vocal percussion and baritone), and Matt Sallee (bass).  Characterized by their pop-style arrangements with vocal harmonies, basslines, riffing, percussion, and beatboxing, they produce cover versions of modern pop works or Christmas songs, sometimes in the form of medleys, along with original material.  Pentatonix formed in 2011 and subsequently won the third season of NBC’s The Sing-Off, receiving $200,000 and a recording contract with Sony Music.  When Sony’s Epic Records dropped the group after The Sing-Off, the group formed its YouTube channel, distributing its music through Madison Gate Records, a label owned by Sony Pictures.  Their YouTube channel currently has over 19 million subscribers and 5 billion views.  The group’s video tribute to Daft Punk had received more than 355 million views as of November 20th, 2021.

Their debut EP PTX, Volume 1 was released in 2012, followed by their holiday release PTXmas the same year, with Pentatonix’s third release, PTX, Vol. II, debuting at number 1 on Billboards Independent Albums chart and number 10 on the Billboard 200 in 2013.  In May 2014, Pentatonix signed with RCA Records, a flagship label of Sony Music Entertainment, while in the same year, the group released their fourth EP, PTX, Vol. III, and two full-length studio albums; PTX, Vols. 1 & 2, a compilation album released in Japan, Korea and Australia, and their second-holiday release, That’s Christmas to Me, with the album certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), platinum on December 24th, 2014, and double platinum on February 11th, 2016, becoming the highest-charting holiday album by a group since 1962, and the fourth-best-selling album in the United States in 2014.  The following year, Pentatonix released their eponymous album, their first consisting mostly of original material, which debuted atop the US Billboard 200 chart for the first time in their career, followed by a third Christmas album, A Pentatonix Christmas, in 2016, and a new EP, PTX, Vol. IV – Classics, the year after.

In September 2017, Avi Kaplan, the group’s original bass, left the group amicably and was replaced by Matt Sallee, who was featured on their next album PTX Presents: Top Pop, Vol. I.

Pentatonix has won three Grammy Awards: they were the first a cappella act to win Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella, doing so in 2015 and 2016, and Best Country Duo/Group Performance in 2017.

Image © of Ralph Arvesen via Wikipedia

Pentatonix’s Career

Background

Pentatonix began with Kirstin Maldonado (born May 16th, 1992), Mitch Grassi (born July 24th, 1992), and Scott Hoying (born September 17th, 1991) who grew up together and were schoolmates at Martin High School in Arlington, Texas.  For a local radio show competition to meet the cast of Glee, they arranged and submitted a trio version of Telephone, the hit song by Lady Gaga and featuring Beyoncé.  Despite losing the competition, their singing sparked attention at their school, and they began performing. Their version of Telephone subsequently gained attention on YouTube.

Hoying and Maldonado both graduated from Martin High School in 2010, Grassi in 2011.  Hoying went off to the University of Southern California (USC) to pursue a degree in popular music performance, while Maldonado pursued a degree in musical theatre at the University of Oklahoma.  While at USC, Scott Hoying joined an a cappella group called SoCal VoCals.  He found out about The Sing-Off from another member of the group, Ben Bram (also their arranger, producer, and sound engineer), and was encouraged to audition for the show.   He persuaded Maldonado and Grassi to join him, but Bram suggested having a bass and beatboxer as well to support the group.  Through a mutual friend, Hoying met Avi Kaplan (born April 17th, 1989), a highly recognized vocal bass in the a cappella community.  Then, the trio found Kevin Olusola (born October 5th, 1988) on YouTube, where one of his videos in which he was simultaneously beatboxing and playing the cello (called celloboxing) had gone viral.  Olusola was born in Owensboro, Kentucky, and graduated pre-med from Yale University.

The group met the day before the auditions for the third season of The Sing-Off began.  The group successfully auditioned for the show and eventually went on to win the title for 2011 (season three).

Pentatonix, as suggested by Scott Hoying, is named after the pentatonic scale, a musical scale or mode with five notes per octave, representing the five members of the group.  They replaced the last letter with an x to make it more appealing.  The quintet derives its influences from pop, dubstep, electro, reggae, hip hop, and classical music.

Read more about Pentatonix here.

Image © of Aszpiga via Wikipedia

The Sing-Off (2011)

Pentatonix performed the following songs on season three of The Sing-Off.  The group did not perform in Episode 1 or 3.  Click on the links below to see them perform the relevant songs.

Episode 2: E.T.

Episode 4: Your Love Is My Drug and Piece Of My Heart.

Episode 5: Video Killed The Radiostar.

Episode 6: Love Lockdown.

Episode 7: Medley of Oops!… I Did It Again, Toxic and Hold It Against Me.

Episode 8: Born To Be Wild and Stuck Like Glue.

Episode 9: OMG and Let’s Get It On.

Episode 10: Forget You / Since U Been Gone (Medley) and Dog Days Are Over.

Episode 11 (Finale): Without You, Give Me Just One Night (Una Noche) and Eye Of The Tiger.

Read more about The Sing-Off season three here.

PTX Vol. 1 And PTXMas (2011 – 2013)

Scott Hoying and Kirstie Maldonado dropped out of college in hopes of winning The Sing-Off, while Mitch Grassi skipped his high school graduation to audition for the show.  After they won, all of the members relocated to Los Angeles in order to pursue a career as recording artists.  The main goal of the group was to become the first mainstream a cappella group in recent times.

In January 2012, having signed with Sony Pictures-owned label Madison Gate Records, the group began working on their first album with producer Ben Bram.  During that six-month period of picking covers and writing originals, Pentatonix released covers of both popular and classic songs on YouTube.  In interviews, the members mention that it was a way to stay relevant to their audience that enjoyed their work on The Sing-Off, in addition to gaining new fans.  Almost all of their covers, including Somebody That I Used to Know by Gotye featuring Kimbra, Gangnam Style by PSY and We Are Young by Fun, went viral on YouTube.

Their first EP, PTX, Volume 1, was released on June 26, 2012, charting at number 14 on the US Billboard 200 chart and number 5 on the digital chart.  It sold 20,000 copies in its first week of release.   The group promoted the album through press appearances on Access Hollywood, VH1 The Buzz, Marie, and local television shows. Pentatonix was also featured on the Chinese version of The Sing-Off as guests where Kevin showcased his fluency in Mandarin.  Pentatonix also embarked on its first national headlining tour in the fall of 2012.  The tour was sold-out and spanned 30 cities.  Opening acts consisted of Alexander Cardinale and SJ Acoustic Music.

The group released their Christmas EP, PTXmas, on November 13, 2012.  The group released their video of an original arrangement of Carol of the Bells the following day.  The group performed on Coca-Cola Red Carpet LIVE! @ The 2012 American Music Awards Pre-Show on November 18, the Hollywood Christmas Parade, and the 94.7 THE WAVE Christmas Concert Starring Dave Koz and Kenny Loggins on December 16.  The group was also featured guests on Katie Couric (ABC), Home and Family (Hallmark), The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, and Big D NYE.   Ryan Seacrest’s website named Pentatonix the 2012 Featured Artist of the Year for their expansive growth online in just one year.  The Christmas album was re-released on November 19, 2013, as a deluxe edition containing two additional tracks.  One of these, Little Drummer Boy charted in several Billboard categories including peaking at number two on the Streaming Songs chart and number one on the Holiday 100 chart, receiving a number of Billboard awards. PTXmas reappeared on the Billboard charts again in November 2014, placing No. 24 on the Billboard 200 and No. 4 on the Holiday charts, giving Pentatonix three albums on the Billboard 200 at the same time.  On Billboards 2014 Year-End charts, PTXmas was No. 8 on the Catalogue Albums chart and No. 119 on the Top Billboard 200 Albums chart, with Pentatonix ranked as No. 46 on the Top Billboard 200 Artists chart.  As of December 24, 2014, PTXmas has sold 356,000 copies.

Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia
Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia
Image © of Flow910 via Wikipedia

PTX Vol. II (2013 – 2014)

The band went on their second national headlining tour from January 24, 2013, to May 11, 2013, and simultaneously wrote additional original material for their second EP, PTX, Vol. II.  The group released the first single, a cover of Macklemore and Ryan Lewis’ Can’t Hold Us on August 20, 2013, which to date has over 90 million views.  The group also promoted PTX, Vol. II on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in November 2013, after the success of  The Evolution of Beyoncé mashup on YouTube.  That week, the band was featured on Around the World with Diane Sawyer and were named Persons of the Week.

In March 2013, Pentatonix and violinist Lindsey Stirling released their cover of the Imagine Dragons song Radioactive and won for Response of the Year at the YouTube Music Awards.  In July of the same year, along with American Idol contestant and fellow Arlington Texan Todrick Hall, they released The Wizard of Ahhhs, which mashes up several songs to create one song.  The music video follows the story of the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz with the artists dressed as its numerous lead roles.

PTX Vol. II was released on November 5, 2013, in conjunction with their second album single on YouTube: a medley of Daft Punk songs.  The video went viral, garnering more than ten million views in the first week, and as of December 2018, had over 290 million views.  The medley was later nominated for and won Best Arrangement, Instrumental or a Cappella of the 57th Grammy Awards.  PTX, Vol. II debuted at number ten on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Independent charts, selling 31,000 copies in the first week.  Pentatonix subsequently re-released a deluxe version of PTXmas on November 18, 2013, with two new tracks, Little Drummer Boy and Go Tell It On The Mountain.  Their YouTube video of Little Drummer Boy, released near the end of November, garnered more than ten million views in the first week and reached number ten on the iTunes top songs charts worldwide.  The song both debuted and peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week ending December 21, 2013.  The video has over 200 million views as of December 2018.

In May 2014, Pentatonix signed with RCA Records, a flagship label of Sony Music Entertainment.  On July 30, through the new label, the group released their first official album PTX, Vols. 1 & 2 in Japan, containing all of the songs from their two namesake EPs and four additional tracks, previously released as singles.  It was released in Australia on August 15 and in the Philippines on September 26.

Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia
Image © of Abby Gillardi via Wikipedia

PTX Vol. III And That’s Christmas To Me (2014)

On August 7, 2014, Pentatonix announced that their third EP PTX, Vol. III would be released on September 23, 2014.  The EP went up for pre-order on iTunes on August 11, 2014, and included a download of two tracks from the EP, Problem and La La Latch.  PTX Vol. III debuted at number 5 on the Billboard 200.

The group also revealed on August a second full-length Christmas album, That’s Christmas to Me, titled after the title track of the album, an original song that was penned by Pentatonix themselves.  The album was released on October 21, 2014 and peaked at number 2 on the Billboard 200, and number 4 on the Billboard Canadian Albums chart.  A single from the album, the group’s cover of Mary, Did You Know, both debuted and peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 26, at number 7 on Billboards Adult Contemporary chart, and at number 44 on the Billboard Canadian Hot 100 chart.  Another single That’s Christmas To Me, the title track from the album, also peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.

Pentatonix is also the first act to top both the Holiday Albums and Holiday Songs charts simultaneously since the Holiday 100 launched as a multi-metric tabulation in December 2011.  The album is also the highest-charting holiday album by a group since 1962.

During the holiday season, 7 songs from That’s Christmas to Me are charted on Billboards Holiday Digital Songs chart.  On December 10, 2014, That’s Christmas to Me was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.  On December 24, 2014, the album was certified Platinum.  By year’s end (December 31, 2014), Billboard reported the album had reached a total of 1.14 million copies sold—becoming the 4th best selling album of 2014 by any artist of any genre (being surpassed only by Taylor Swift’s 1989, the Frozen Soundtrack, and Sam Smith’s In the Lonely Hour) and was the Top-Selling Holiday Album for 2014.  On February 11, 2016, the album was certified Double Platinum.

Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia
Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia

Self-Titled Album, A Pentatonix Christmas, And PTX, Vol. IV (2015 – 2017)

Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia
Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia
Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia
Image © of Groucho NL via Wikipedia

In late December, Scott Hoying stated that for 2015, “Pentatonix is transitioning towards original music”.  A release of a full-length album consisting of only original material is planned.  Hoying also stated, “We’re at the point in our careers now [where] we must go to original music, and we want to go to original music; we have so much to say, and I think it’s gonna be quite a journey.”

On August 28, 2015, Pentatonix announced on social media that a self-titled album, the group’s third full-length album and the first album made of mostly original music, would be released on October 16, 2015.

On September 4, 2015, Pentatonix released Can’t Sleep Love the first single from Pentatonix upcoming album.  Two weeks later on September 18, 2015, a second version featuring Tink was released online.  On October 9, 2015, Pentatonix released their second single, a cover of Jack Ü and Justin Bieber’s Where Are Ü Now.  The album ended up being released one day early as a surprise gift to their fans.  On that same day, Pentatonix released their third single, Sing.

The album debuted at number 1 on the US Billboard 200.  In the US, the album started with 98,000 units (88,000 in pure album sales).  On February 8, 2016, the album was certified Gold.

On April 14, 2016, the music video was released for Pentatonix’s cover with Jason Derulo of Shai’s If I Ever Fall In Love.  In August 2016, the music video of Pentatonix’s Perfume Medley, a medley of songs by the Japanese girl group Perfume, was also released.  The medley consisted of the songs Spending All My Time, Pick Me Up, Chocolate Disco, and Polyrhythm.

Their second full-length Christmas album, titled A Pentatonix Christmas, was released on October 21, 2016.  It features 11 songs, including the two originals The Christmas Sing-Along and Good to Be Bad.  It debuted on the Billboard 200 at number three with 52,000 albums sold in its first week and later peaked at number one.  The album also debuted atop the Billboard Holiday Albums chart, their second number one on that chart after That’s Christmas to Me.

Their fifth EP, PTX, Vol. IV – Classics, was released on April 7, 2017.  It marked a departure from the group’s typical sound, focusing on covers of standards of rock, blues, country, and older pop music.

New Bass, Top Pop, Vol. I, Christmas Is Here!, And The Best Of Pentatonix Christmas (2017- 2019)

In May 2017, the band announced in a video that Avi Kaplan would leave the group following their upcoming tour.  The split was amicable and centred on his inability to keep up with the touring demands of the group and deal with the distance from his family.

On July 31, the group released the single Dancing on My Own, a cover of the song by Robyn, their first release without Kaplan (although he was still a member at the time, as the tour was ongoing). Olusola performed cello on the song in lieu of a bass vocalist.

Kaplan performed his last concert with Pentatonix on September 3, 2017, in Essex Junction, Vermont.  On October 13, Hoying introduced Matt Sallee as the group’s new bass.  The band’s first official releases with Sallee were the songs from the deluxe edition of A Pentatonix Christmas, which was released on November 27, 2017.  Sallee is also featured on their cover of the Camila Cabello song Havana, which was released as a single from their Top Pop Vol. 1 album on February 23, 2018.

On February 27, 2018, the group announced via their social media the upcoming release of a new album titled PTX Presents: Top Pop, Vol. I on April 13, 2018, to be followed by a tour in the summer.  It marked their first album with Sallee and without Kaplan.  It was preceded by three singles: their cover of Havana, a medley of Dua Lipa’s New Rules and Aaliyah’s Are You That Somebody? titled New Rules x Are You That Somebody?, which they released along with a music video on March 9, and a cover of Charlie Puth’s Attention, which they released along with a music video on March 23.

On September 20, 2018, the group announced their third full-length holiday album titled Christmas Is Here! to be released on October 26 of the same year and The Christmas Is Here! Tour to accompany the album.  They also announced the first single from the album, a cover of Making Christmas from The Nightmare Before Christmas which was released on September 28.  The album was released on October 26, 2018.

On October 25, 2019, Pentatonix released their newest Christmas album, a greatest hits compilation album called The Best of Pentatonix Christmas.  It includes mostly older songs, plus some new ones, such as a cover of You’re a Mean One, Mr. Grinch, featuring Sallee on lead.

Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia
Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia
Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia

At Home, We Need a Little Christmas, And The Lucky Ones (2020 – 2021)

On June 26, 2020, the group released another EP, At Home, containing five new covers, plus a 13-song medley, a total of 6 tracks.  The EP contains Pentatonix covering Billie Eilish’s When the Party’s Over, Dua Lipa’s Break My Heart, the Cranberries’ Dreams, The Weeknd’s Blinding Lights, and Clean Bandit’s Cologne.  Each member recorded their arrangement separately in their homes due to them having to quarantine because of COVID-19.  

On November 13, 2020, the group released their fourth Christmas-themed studio album, We Need a Little Christmas.  The album includes hits such as their covers of Amazing Grace (My Chains Are Gone), which was released as a single on November 25, 2020, and 12 Days of Christmas.  It also includes an original song, Thank You.

On August 14, 2020, Pentatonix released Happy Now, their first original single in five years, and the first of an upcoming album of original content.  On October 14, Pentatonix released Be My Eyes, and announced the date of The Lucky Ones, the first full-length album of originals since 2015, for February 12, 2021.  Like At Home and We Need a Little Christmas, it was recorded in isolation because of the pandemic.  A music video for Coffee in Bed was released on the same day as the album.  The album received general critical acclaim.  The deluxe version was released on 10th September 2021 with new songs like Anchor, Petals, Midnight in Tokyo (ft. Glee Monster), and more.

Image © of Pentatonix via Spotify
Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia
Image © of Pentatonix via Wikipedia

Evergreen (2021 – Present)

On September 27, 2021, Pentatonix announced their fifth upcoming Christmas-themed album Evergreen and released the single It’s Been a Long, Long Time on the same day.  They also released their rendition of I Just Called to Say I Love You as a single.  The album was released on October 29, 2021, and has 14 tracks.  The tour for the album, Pentatonix: The Evergreen Christmas Tour 2021, began on November 27, 2021.

Other Media

Tours

Pentatonix embarked on their first national headlining tour in the autumn of 2012.  The tour was sold out and spanned 30 cities.  Opening acts consisted of Alexander Cardinale and SJ Acoustic Music.  The band went on their second national headlining tour from January 24th, 2013, to May 11th, 2013, and simultaneously wrote additional original material for their second EP, PTX, Vol. II.

In 2014, Pentatonix undertook an extensive tour that included the United States, Canada, Europe and South East Asia.

In 2015, Pentatonix began the North American leg of their On My Way Home Tour, which began on February 25th, 2015, in California and ended at Grand Prairie’s Verizon Theatre on March 29th.  The group started a European tour in Portugal on April 9th.  This European leg ended in Glasgow on May 6th.  The Southeast Asian leg of the tour began in Seoul, South Korea on May 28th.  The last show of this leg was on Jun 16th in Osaka, Japan.

Pentatonix opened for Kelly Clarkson on her Piece by Piece Tour.  During Clarkson’s set, the group performed Heartbeat Song with her.  Due to Clarkson’s doctor’s requests for vocal rest, the tour was cancelled 15 shows early.

In 2016, Pentatonix embarked on the first leg of their Pentatonix World Tour with Us The Duo.  The tour began on April 2nd, 2016, in Chiba, Japan.  The second leg ran from May 23rd through June 26th in Europe before returning to Japan for two shows in August 2016.  The third and fourth legs of the tour (in Oceania and Asia respectively) occurred in September 2016, followed by the fifth leg in North America from October 17th to November 22nd, 2016.  The tour’s 2017 shows kicked off in May with another five shows in Japan. The final leg of the tour began July 2nd, 2017 in Los Angeles and continued across the United States before concluding in Vermont on September 3rd, 2017.  The last show marked Kaplan’s final performance with the group.

Performances

In September 2012, Pentatonix was invited to perform several of their songs (Somebody That I Used to Know by Gotye and We Are Young by fun.) on the Chinese edition of the Sing-Off.  In addition, they covered the late Taiwanese pop star Teresa Teng’s song, Tian Mi Mi.

Pentatonix appeared and performed on The Today Show, The Tonight Show With Jay Leno, The Talk and Conan.  The group also returned to The Sing-Off, performing their cover version of Ellie Goulding’s I Need Your Love during the Season 4 finale episode, which aired on December 23rd, 2013.

In November 2014, Pentatonix was invited by Baz Luhrmann (director, producer and writer) to be involved with the Holiday Window display at Barneys in New York City.  Each window had a theme such as love, beauty, truth and freedom with its own soundtrack, recorded by Pentatonix.  Pentatonix also performed at the opening night, as well as the after-party for invited guests.

On November 27th, 2014, Pentatonix participated in the annual Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade in New York City, performing Santa Claus is Coming to Town on the Homewood Suites float.

Pentatonix also performed during NBC’s annual Christmas in Rockefeller Center special on December 3rd, 2014, performing Sleigh Ride and Santa Claus is Coming to Town.

Pentatonix returned to The Sing-Off, performing a medley of songs from That’s Christmas to Me during the Season 5-holiday special, which aired on December 17th, 2014.

On December 7th, 2014, Pentatonix appeared in The Kennedy Center Honors award presentation, as part of a presentation to actor Tom Hanks, singing the song That Thing You Do, from Hanks’ film of the same name. President and Mrs. Barack Obama were in the audience.  The show was broadcast on CBS on December 30, 2014.

On December 31st, 2014, Pentatonix appeared as part of ABC Television Network’s Dick Clark’s New Year’s Rockin’ Eve with Ryan Seacrest 2015, performing at the Billboard Hollywood party hosted by Fergie.

In December 2014, Pentatonix was invited to perform on the final episode of Wetten, dass..?, a longstanding entertainment show in Germany, performing a medley of songs from artists that have been on the program over the years.

On August 1st, 2019, Pentatonix played to their largest ever live crowd (as of August 2019) at the closing ceremony of the 24th World Scout Jamboree at Summit Bechtel Reserve in Glen Jean, West Virginia.

On September 1st, 2019, Pentatonix performed a rainy, nighttime show at the 173rd Canfield Fair in Mahoning County, Ohio, for more than 8,000 people.  This set a number of advanced sales record for JAC Management Group, LLC since taking over Canfield Fair entertainment operations.

Appearances And Presentations

Pentatonix appeared on Sesame Street on February 7th, 2014.

Pentatonix were presenters at the 2014 American Music Awards, introducing a performance by Jessie J, Ariana Grande, and Nicki Minaj.  The group was also featured in the YouTube Rewind 2014 video as one of the most subscribed YouTube music channels.

Pentatonix was on the Disney Channel show, K.C. Undercover on June 14th, 2015.

Maldonado, Hoying, and Grassi appeared as members of a cappella groups in the Fox television show Bones, in the episode The Strike In the Chord that originally aired on May 19th, 2016.

They made a guest appearance on The Voice on November 24th, 2016 where they sang their rendition of Jolene alongside Miley Cyrus and the song’s writer and original performer, Dolly Parton.

On December 14th, 2016, the group hosted their first Christmas special, titled around their current album, A Pentatonix Christmas Special.  The hour-long special aired on NBC and featured guest appearances by Reba McEntire, Dolly Parton and Kelly Clarkson.  NBC broadcast Pentatonix Christmas specials in 2017 and 2018, as well.

In December 2018, the group made a guest appearance on Darci Lynne: My Hometown Christmas.

On December 11th, 2018, they performed Rockin’ Around the Christmas Tree on The Talk.

On October 14th, 2020, Pentatonix performed Higher Love at the 2020 Billboard Music Awards with Kelly Clarkson and Sheila E.

Film

Pentatonix had a cameo role in Pitch Perfect 2, released in May 2015, as the Canadian team competing against the Barden Bellas.  Pentatonix also released a documentary about the group’s journey titled On My Way Home (based on the original song of the same name from PTX, Vol. III and the group’s 2015 tour) on June 18th, 2015, which was promoted on social media through the hashtag #OnMyWayHomeProject.

Read more Pentatonix here.

The above articles were sourced from Wikipedia and are subject to change.

Favourite Pentatonix Songs Playlist

This playlist does not contain Christmas songs.  There are some that are from PTX’s Christmas albums but are not Christmas songs in my opinion and as such feature here.  

Favourite Pentatonix Songs Index

This list is all the songs from the playlist above.  It does not contain Christmas songs.  As mentioned, there are some that are from PTX’s Christmas albums but are not Christmas songs.  

The links below will take you to YouTube.

Notes And Links

Pentatonix – Official website.  The image shown at the top of this page is the copyright of Pentatonix and is from their PTX Official Instagram page.

The image above of Pentatonix performing at the Austin360 Amphitheater in Austin, Texas on 29/08/2015 is the copyright of photographer Ralph Arvesen and you can find more great work from him by clicking here.

The image above of Avi Kaplan in Barcelona in 2015 is the copyright of photographer Aszpiga.

The image above of PTX Vol. I EP is the copyright of Pentatonix and Madison Gate Records.

The image above of PTXmas EP is the copyright of Pentatonix and Madison Gate Records.

The image above of Pentatonix in Paris in 2013 is the copyright of photographer Flow910.

The image above of PTX Vol II. EP is the copyright of Pentatonix and Madison Gate.

The image above of Pentatonix performing in St. Louis, Missouri in 2013 is the copyright of photographer Abby Gillardi and you can find more great work from her by clicking here.

The image above of PTX Vol III.  EP is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

The image above of Pentatonix – That’s Christmas To Me is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

The image above of Pentatonix (Album) is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

The image above of A Pentatonix Christmas is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

The image above of PTX Vol IV.  – Classics EP is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

The image above of Pentatonix performing in Paradiso in 2014 is the copyright of photographer Groucho NL.

The image above of PTX Presents Top Pop Vol I.  is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

The image above of Pentatonix – Christmas Is Here! is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

The image above of The Best Of Pentatonix Christmas is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

The image above of Pentatonix At Home EP is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

The image above of Pentatonix – We Need A Little Christmas is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

The image above of Pentatonix – The Lucky Ones is the copyright of Pentatonix and RCA.

Music: Christmas Music

Image © of Mick Haupt via Pexels

Who doesn’t love a good Christmas tune? I certainly do and it is part of my Christmas tradition to play the same ones every year.  They may be by someone who is not particularly one of my favourite music artists and bands but I still like them nevertheless. 

I have grown up listening to many festive tunes with my Mom and on my own, especially Mom’s LP’s by Nat King Cole, Elvis Presley, Jim Reeves, Mario Lanza,  Andy Williams, Perry Como and the Hawaiian Christmas and Christmas Party Sing-A-Long ones too.  We also listened to singles as well. I am pleased to say I still have them in my vinyl collection. 

There is an index at the bottom of the page containing many, but not all of the Christmas music I like to listen to.  There are obviously many artists who cover the same tunes but I will show my favourite versions.  Some songs are not necessarily Christmas songs per se but are from Christmas albums. 

It is hard to pick just a small selection when there are so many to choose from!

Image © of neelam279 via Pixabay

Christmas decorations on sheet music.

Christmas Music 

Christmas music comprises a variety of genres of music regularly performed or heard around the Christmas season.  Music associated with Christmas may be purely instrumental, or in the case of carols or songs may employ lyrics whose subject matter ranges from the nativity of Jesus Christ to gift-giving and merrymaking, to cultural figures such as Santa Claus, among other topics. Many songs simply have a winter or seasonal theme or have been adopted into the canon for other reasons.

While most Christmas songs prior to 1930 were of a traditional religious character, the Great Depression-era of the 1930s brought a stream of songs of American origin, most of which did not explicitly reference the Christian nature of the holiday, but rather the more secular traditional Western themes and customs associated with Christmas. These included songs aimed at children such as “Santa Claus Is Comin’ to Town” and “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer”, as well as sentimental ballad-type songs performed by famous crooners of the era, such as “Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas” and “White Christmas”, the latter of which remains the best-selling single of all time as of 2018.

Elvis’ Christmas Album (1957) by Elvis Presley is the best-selling Christmas album of all time, selling more than 20 million copies worldwide.

Performances of Christmas music at public concerts, in churches, at shopping malls, on city streets, and in private gatherings is an integral staple of the Christmas holiday in many cultures across the world.  Radio stations often convert to a 24-7 Christmas music format leading up to the holiday, starting sometimes as early as the day after Halloween – as part of a phenomenon known as “Christmas creep”.

Christmas Music History

Early Music

Music associated with Christmas is thought to have its origins in 4th-century Rome, in Latin-language hymns such as Veni redemptor gentium.  By the 13th century, under the influence of Francis of Assisi, the tradition of popular Christmas songs in regional native languages developed.  In the 16th century, various Christmas carols still sung to this day include “The 12 Days of Christmas”, “God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen”, and “O Christmas Tree”, which first emerged.

Music was an early feature of the Christmas season and its celebrations. The earliest examples are hymnographic works (chants and litanies) intended for liturgical use in observance of both the Feast of the Nativity and Theophany, many of which are still in use by the Eastern Orthodox Church.  The 13th century saw the rise of the carol written in the vernacular, under the influence of Francis of Assisi.

In the Middle Ages, the English combined circle dances with singing and called them carols.  Later, the word carol came to mean a song in which a religious topic is treated in a style that is familiar or festive.  From Italy, it passed to France and Germany, and later to England.  Christmas carols in English first appear in a 1426 work of John Audelay, a Shropshire priest and poet, who lists 25 “caroles of Cristemas”, probably sung by groups of wassailers, who went from house to house.  Music in itself soon became one of the greatest tributes to Christmas, and Christmas music includes some of the noblest compositions of great musicians.

Puritan Prohibition

During the Commonwealth of England government under Cromwell, the Rump Parliament prohibited the practice of singing Christmas carols as Pagan and sinful.  Like other customs associated with popular Catholic Christianity, it earned the disapproval of Protestant Puritans. Famously, Cromwell’s interregnum prohibited all celebrations of the Christmas holiday.  This attempt to ban the public celebration of Christmas can also be seen in the early history of Father Christmas.

The Westminster Assembly of Divines established Sunday as the only holy day in the calendar in 1644.  The new liturgy produced for the English church recognized this in 1645, and so legally abolished Christmas. Its celebration was declared an offence by Parliament in 1647.  There is some debate as to the effectiveness of this ban, and whether or not it was enforced in the country.

Puritans generally disapproved of the celebration of Christmas—a trend that continually resurfaced in Europe and the USA through the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Read more about Christmas Music History here.

Classical Music

Many large-scale religious compositions are performed in a concert setting at Christmas.  Performances of George Frideric Handel’s oratorio Messiah are a fixture of Christmas celebrations in some countries, and although it was originally written for performance at Easter, it covers aspects of the Biblical Christmas narrative.  Informal Scratch Messiah performances involving public participation are very popular in the Christmas season.  Johann Sebastian Bach’s Christmas Oratorio (Weihnachts-Oratorium, BWV 248), written for Christmas 1734, describes the birth of Jesus, the annunciation to the shepherds, the adoration of the shepherds, the circumcision and naming of Jesus, the journey of the Magi, and the adoration of the Magi.  Antonio Vivaldi composed the Violin Concerto RV270 Il Riposo per il Santissimo Natale (For the Most Holy Christmas). Arcangelo Corelli composed the Christmas Concerto in 1690.  Peter Cornelius composed a cycle of six songs related to Christmas themes he called Weihnachtsliede.  Setting his own poems for solo voice and piano, he alluded to older Christmas carols in the accompaniment of two of the songs.

Other classical works associated with Christmas include:

Pastorale sur la naissance de N.S. Jésus-Christ (c. 1670) by Marc-Antoine Charpentier.

Christus (1847) an unfinished oratorio by Felix Mendelssohn.

L’enfance du Christ (1853–54) by Hector Berlioz.

Oratorio de Noël (1858) by Camille Saint-Saëns.

The Nutcracker (1892) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

Fantasia on Christmas Carols (1912) and Hodie (1954), both by Ralph Vaughan Williams.

A Ceremony of Carols (1942) by Benjamin Britten.

Christmas Carols

Songs that are traditional, even some without a specific religious context, are often called Christmas carols.  Each of these has a rich history, some dating back many centuries.

Read more about Christmas Carols here.

Popular Christmas Songs

United States

According to the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) in 2016, “Santa Claus Is Coming to Town”, written by Fred Coots and Haven Gillespie in 1934, is the most played holiday song of the last 50 years.  It was first performed live by Eddie Cantor on his radio show in November 1934.  Tommy Dorsey and his orchestra recorded their version in 1935, followed later by a range of artists including Frank Sinatra in 1948, the Supremes, the Jackson 5, the Beach Boys, and Glenn Campbell. Bruce Springsteen recorded a rock rendition in December 1975.

Long-time Christmas classics from prior to the “rock era” still dominate the holiday charts – such as “Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!”, “Winter Wonderland”, “Sleigh Ride” and “Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas”.  Songs from the rock era to enter the top tier of the season’s canon include Wonderful Christmastime by Paul McCartney, All I Want for Christmas Is You by Mariah Carey and Last Christmas by Wham!

The most popular set of these titles—heard over airwaves, on the Internet, in shopping malls, in elevators and lobbies, even on the street during the Christmas season—have been composed and performed from the 1930s onward. (Songs published before 1925 are all out of copyright, are no longer subject to ASCAP royalties and thus do not appear on their list.)  In addition to Bing Crosby, major acts that have popularized and successfully covered a number of the titles in the top 30 most performed Christmas songs in 2015 include Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Andy Williams, and the Jackson 5.

Since the mid-1950s, much of the Christmas music produced for popular audiences have explicitly romantic overtones, only using Christmas as a setting.  The 1950s also featured the introduction of novelty songs that used the holiday as a target for satire and a source for comedy.  Exceptions such as The Christmas Shoes (2000) have re-introduced Christian themes as complementary to the secular Western themes, and myriad traditional carol cover versions by various artists have explored virtually all music genres.

Read more about United States here.

United Kingdom And Ireland

Most Played Songs

A collection of chart hits recorded in a bid to be crowned the UK Christmas number one single during the 1970s and 1980s have become some of the most popular holiday tunes in the United Kingdom.  Band Aid’s 1984 song Do They Know It’s Christmas? is the second-best-selling single in UK chart history.  Fairytale of New York, released by The Pogues in 1987, is regularly voted the British public’s favourite-ever Christmas song.  It is also the most-played Christmas song of the 21st century in the UK.  British glam rock bands had major hit singles with Christmas songs in the 1970s.  Merry Xmas Everybody by Slade, I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday by Wizzard, and Lonely This Christmas by Mud all remain hugely popular.

The top ten most played Christmas songs in the UK based on a 2012 survey conducted by PRS for Music are as follows:

Ranked No. 1:
Fairytale of New York by The Pogues with Kirsty MacColl.

Ranked No. 2:
All I Want for Christmas Is You by Mariah Carey.

Ranked No, 3:
Do They Know It’s Christmas? by Band Aid.

Ranked No. 4:
Last Christmas by Wham!

Ranked No. 5:
Santa Claus Is Comin’ to Town by Harry Reser and his orchestra (sung by Tom Stacks).

Ranked No. 6:
Do You Hear What I Hear? by Bing Crosby.

Ranked No. 7:
Happy Xmas (War Is Over) John Lennon with Yoko/Plastic Ono Band and the Harlem Community Choir. 

Ranked No. 8:
Wonderful Christmastime by Paul McCartney.

Ranked No. 9:
I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday by Wizzard.

Ranked No. 10:
Merry Xmas Everybody by Slade.

Included in the 2009 and 2008 lists are such other titles as Jona Lewie’s Stop the Cavalry, Bruce Springsteen’s Santa Claus is Coming to Town, Elton John’s Step into Christmas, Mud’s Lonely This Christmas, Walking in the Air by Aled Jones, Shakin’ Stevens’ Merry Christmas Everyone, Chris Rea’s Driving Home for Christmas and Mistletoe and Wine and Saviour’s Day by Cliff Richard.

Christmas Number Ones

The “Christmas Number One” – songs reaching the top spot on either the UK Singles Chart, the Irish Singles Chart, or occasionally both, on the edition preceding Christmas – is considered a major achievement in the United Kingdom and Ireland.  The Christmas number one, and to a lesser extent, the runner-up at number two, benefit from broad publicity. Social media campaigns have been used to try to encourage sales of specific songs so that they could reach number one.

These songs develop an association with Christmas or the holiday season from their chart performance, but the association tends to be shorter-lived than for the more traditionally-themed Christmas songs.  Notable longer-lasting examples include Band Aid’s “Do They Know It’s Christmas?” (No. 1, 1984, the second-biggest selling single in UK Chart history; two re-recordings also hit No. 1 in 1989 and 2004), Slade’s “Merry Xmas Everybody” (No. 1, 1973), and Wham!’s “Last Christmas” (No. 2, 1984).  Last Christmas would go on to hold the UK record for highest-selling single not to reach No. 1, until it finally topped the chart on 1 January 2021, helped by extensive streaming in the final week of December 2020.

The Beatles, Spice Girls, and LadBaby are the only artists to have achieved consecutive Christmas number-one hits on the UK Singles Chart.  The Beatles annually between 1963 and 1965 (with a fourth in 1967), the Spice Girls between 1996 and 1998, and LadBaby in 2018, 2019 and 2020 (with the novelty songs We Built This City, I Love Sausage Rolls and Don’t Stop Me Eatin’).  Bohemian Rhapsody is the only recording to have ever been Christmas number one twice, in both 1975 and 1991.  Three of the four different Band Aid recordings of “Do They Know It’s Christmas?” have been number one in Christmas week.

At the turn of the 21st century, songs associated with reality shows became a frequent source of Christmas number ones in the UK.  In 2002, Popstars: The Rivals produced the top three singles on the British Christmas charts.  The “rival” groups produced by the series—the girl group Girls Aloud and the boy band One True Voice—finished first and second respectively on the charts.  Failed contestants The Cheeky Girls charted with a novelty hit, Cheeky Song (Touch My Bum), at third. Briton Will Young, the winner of the first Pop Idol, charted at the top of the Irish charts in 2003.

The X Factor also typically concluded in December during its run; the winner’s debut single earned the Christmas number one in at least one of the two countries every year from 2005 to 2014, and in both countries in five of those ten years.  Each year since 2008 has seen protest campaigns to outsell the X Factor single (which benefits from precisely-timed release and corresponding media buzz) and prevent it from reaching number one.  In 2009, as the result of a campaign intended to counter the phenomenon, Rage Against the Machine’s 1992 single “Killing in the Name” reached number one in the UK instead of that year’s X Factor winner, Joe McElderry.  In 2011, Wherever You Are, the single from a choir of military wives assembled by the TV series The Choir, earned the Christmas number-one single in Britain—upsetting X Factor winners Little Mix.  With the Military Wives Choir single not being released in Ireland, Little Mix won Christmas number one in Ireland that year.

Read lots more about Christmas Music here.

Favourite Christmas Music Index

A Cradle In Bethlehem – Nat King Cole.

All I Want For Christmas (Is My Two Front Teeth) – Spike Jones And His City Slickers.

A Marshmallow World – Dean Martin.

An Old Christmas Card – Jim Reeves.

Away In A Manger – Andy Williams.

Baby, It’s Cold Outside – Dean Martin.

Blue Christmas – Elvis Presley.

Carol Of The Bells – Pentatonix. 

C-H-R-I-S-T-M-A-S – Jim Reeves.

Christmas Time (Don’t Let The Bells End) – The Darkness.

Deck The Halls – Nat King Cole.

Do You Hear What I Hear? – Bing Crosby.

Frosty The Snowman – Gean Autry.

Gaudette – Erasure.

Guardian Angels – Mario Lanza.

Good King Wenceslas – Bing Crosby.

God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen – Mario Lanza.

Happy Holiday / The Holiday Season – Andy Williams.

Happy New Year – Abba.

Happy Xmas (War Is Over) – John Lennon With Yoko / Plastic Ono Band And The Harlem Community Choir.

Hark! The Herald Angles Sing – Mario Lanza.

Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas – Frank Sinatra.

Here Comes Santa Claus (Right Down Santa Claus Lane) – Elvis Presley.

Here We Come A-Caroling / We Wish You A Merry Christmas – Perry Como.

Holly Jolly Christmas – Burl Ives.

If Every Day Was Like Christmas – Elvis Presley.

I’ll Be Home For Christmas – Elvis Presley.

I Saw Three Ships – Mario Lanza.

It’s Beginning To Look A Lot Like Christmas – Perry Como And The Fontane Sisters. 

It’s Christmas Time All Over The World – Sammy Davis Jr.

I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday – Wizzard.

Jingle Bells – Jim Reeves.

Joy To The World – Nat King Cole.

Last Christmas – Wham!

Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow! – Dean Martin.

Lonely This Christmas – Mud.

Mama Liked The Roses – Elvis Presley.

Mary’s Boy Child / Oh My Lord – Boney M.

Mary, Did You Know? – Pentatonix.

Merry Christmas Everyone – Shakin’ Stevens.

Merry Xmas Everybody – Slade.

Mistletoe And HollyFrank Sinatra.

O Come All Ye Faithfull – Nat King Cole.

O Holy Night – Nat King Cole.

O Little Town Of Bethlehem – Nat King Cole.

O Tannenbaum – Nat King Cole.

Peace On Earth / Little Drummer Boy – David Bowie And Bing Crosby.

Rockin’ Around The Christmas Tree – Brenda Lee.

Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer – The Temptations.

Santa, Bring My Baby Back (To Me) – Elvis Presley.

Santa Claus Is Back In Town – Elvis Presley.

Santa Claus Is Coming To Town – Frank Sinatra.

Silent Night – Elvis Presley.

Silver And Gold – Burl Ives.

Silver Bells – Jim Reeves.

Someday At ChristmasThe Temptations.

Sweet Little Jesus Boy – Andy Williams.

Thank You – Pentatonix.

Thank God It’s Christmas – Queen.

The Christmas Song (Merry Christmas To You) – Nat King Cole.

The First Noel – Mario Lanza.

The Little Boy That Santa Claus Forgot – Nat King Cole.

The Merry Christmas Polka – Jim Reeves.

Up On The Housetop – Pentatonix.

Walking In The Air – Aled Jones.

We Three Kings Of Orient Are – Mario Lanza.

What Christmas Means To Me – Pentatonix.

When A Child Is Born – Johnny Mathis.

White Christmas – Bing Crosby.

Winter Wonderland / Don’t Worry Be Happy – Pentatonix And Tori Kelly.

You’re A Mean One, Mr. Grinch – Pentatonix.

‘Zat You Santa Claus – Louis Armstrong And The Commanders. 

Blog Posts

Notes And Links

Mick Haupt on Pexels – The image shown at the top of this page is the copyright of Mick Haupt.  You can find more great work from the photographer Mick and lots more free stock photos at Pexels.

The image above of Christmas decorations on sheet music is the copyright of neelam279 at Pixabay.

Television: Blue Peter

Image © of Max Rahubovskiy via Pexels

Although started in 1958, I associate Blue Peter in my life mainly to the 1970’s and 1980’s for it is in these decades I watched it the most.  I wouldn’t say I was a fan of the show, I preferred Magpie more,  but I watched it sometimes as a school kid back in the day when the mood took me.

When Jnr and Deb were kids I may have watched a few then but it was more on in the background and I never paid much attention to it as the nostalgia for it had gone for me by then.

Image © of BBC via CBBC

Blue Peter Logo.

About Blue Peter

Blue Peter is a British children’s television magazine programme created by John Hunter Blair.  It is the longest-running children’s TV show in the world, having been broadcast since October 1958.  It was broadcast primarily from BBC Television Centre in London until September 2011, when the programme moved to dock10 studios at MediaCityUK in Salford, Greater Manchester.  It is currently shown live on the CBBC television channel on Thursdays at 5 pm.

Following its original creation, the programme was developed by a BBC team led by Biddy Baxter; she became the programme editor in 1965, relinquishing the role in 1988.  Throughout the show’s history, there have been 40 presenters; currently, it is hosted by Richie Driss, Mwaksy Mudenda, and Adam Beales.

The show used a nautical title and theme.  Its content, which follows a magazine/entertainment format, features viewer and presenter challenges, competitions, celebrity interviews, popular culture and sections on making arts and crafts items from household items.  The show has had a garden in both London and Salford, known as the Blue Peter Garden, which is used during the summer and for outdoor activities.  The programme has featured a number of pets that became household names, such as dogs Petra, Shep, and Goldie, as well as other animals such as tortoises, cats, and parrots.  The longevity of Blue Peter has established it as a significant part of British culture and British heritage.

Blue Peter Theme Music

Click here to hear every Blue Peter opening theme from 1958 to the present day.

Blue Peter Content

Blue Peter‘s content is wide-ranging.  Most programmes are broadcast live but usually include at least one filmed report.  There will also often be a demonstration of an activity in the studio, or a music or dance performance.  Between the 1960s and 2011 the programme was made at BBC Television Centre, and often came from Studio 1, the fourth-largest TV studio in Britain and one of the largest in Europe.  This enabled Blue Peter to include large-scale demonstrations and performances within the live programme.  From the September 2007 series, the programme was broadcast from a small fixed set in Studio 2.  However, from 2009 the series began to use the larger studios once more; also more programmes were broadcast in their entirety from the Blue Peter Garden.  The show is also famous for its “makes”, which are demonstrations of how to construct a useful object or prepare food.  These have given rise to the oft-used phrase “Here’s one I made earlier”, as presenters bring out a perfect and completed version of the object they are making – a phrase credited to Christopher Trace, though Marguerite Patten is another possibility.  Trace also used the line “And now for something completely different”, which was later taken up by Monty Python.  Time is also often given over to reading letters and showing pictures sent in by viewers.

Over 5,000 editions have been produced since 1958, and almost every episode from 1964 onwards still exists in the BBC archives.  This is unusual for programmes of that era.  Editor Biddy Baxter personally ensured that telerecordings and, from 1970, video recordings were kept of each episode.

Many items from Blue Peter‘s history have become embedded in British popular culture, especially moments when things have gone wrong, such as the much-repeated clip of Lulu the baby elephant (from a 1969 edition) who urinated and defecated on the studio floor, appeared to tread on the foot of presenter John Noakes and then proceeded to attempt an exit, dragging her keeper along behind her.  Although it is often assumed to have been broadcast live, the edition featuring Lulu was one of the rare occasions when the programme was pre-recorded, as the presenters were en route to Ceylon for the summer expedition at the time of transmission.  Other well-remembered and much-repeated items from this era include the Girl Guides’ campfire that got out of hand on the 1970 Christmas edition, John Noakes’s report on the cleaning of Nelson’s Column, and Simon Groom referring to a previous item on the production of a facsimile door knocker for Durham Cathedral which was displayed alongside the original, with the words ‘what a beautiful pair of knockers’.

Blue Peter History

Early Years

Blue Peter was first aired on 16 October 1958.  It had been commissioned to producer John Hunter Blair by Owen Reed, the head of children’s programmes at the BBC, as there were no programmes for children aged between five and eight.  Reed got his inspiration after watching Children’s Television Club, the brainchild of former radio producer, Trevor Hill, who created the latter show as a successor to his programme Out of School, broadcast on BBC Radio’s Children’s Hour; Hill networked the programme from BBC Manchester and launched it aboard the MV Royal Iris ferry on the River Mersey, Liverpool with presenter Judith Chalmers welcoming everyone aboard at the bottom of the gangplank.

It was subsequently televised about once a month.  Hill relates how Reed came to stay with him and his wife, Margaret Potter, in Cheshire and was so taken with the “Blue Peter” flag on the side of the ship and the programme in general, that he asked to rename it and take it to London to be broadcast on a weekly basis (see Reed’s obituary).  The “Blue Peter” is used as a maritime signal, indicating that the vessel flying it is about to leave, and Reed chose the name to represent ‘a voyage of adventure’ on which the programme would set out.  Hunter Blair also pointed out that blue was a popular colour with children, and Peter was a common name of a typical child’s friend.

The first two presenters were Christopher Trace, an actor, and Leila Williams, winner of Miss Great Britain in 1957.  The two presenters were responsible for activities that matched the traditional gender roles.  As broadcasting historian, Asa Briggs expressed it in 1995: “Leila played with dolls; Chris played with trains”.  They were supported on occasion by Tony Hart, an artist who later designed the ship logo, who told stories about an elephant called Packi (or Packie).  It was broadcast every Thursday for fifteen minutes (17.00–17.15) on BBC TV (which later became BBC One).  Over the first few months, more features were added, including competitions, documentaries, cartoons, and stories.  Early programmes were almost entirely studio-based, with very few filmed inserts being made.

1960 – 1969

From Monday 10 October 1960, Blue Peter was switched to every Monday and extended from 15 minutes to 20 minutes (17.00–17.20).  In 1961, Hunter Blair became ill and was often absent.  After he produced his last edition on 12 June 1961, a series of temporary producers took up the post.  Hunter Blair was replaced the following September by Clive Parkhurst.  He did not get along with Leila Williams, who recalled “he could not find anything for me to do”, and in October, Williams did not appear for six editions, and was eventually fired, leaving Christopher Trace on his own or with one-off presenters.  Parkhurst was replaced by John Furness, and Anita West joined Trace on 7 May 1962.  She featured in just 16 editions, making her the shortest-serving presenter, and was replaced by Valerie Singleton, who presented regularly until 1972 and on special assignments until 1981.  Following the departure of Furness, a new producer who was committed to Blue Peter was required, so Biddy Baxter was appointed.  At the time she was contracted to schools’ programmes on the radio, and therefore unable to take up her new post immediately.

It was suggested that Edward Barnes, a production assistant, would temporarily produce the show until Baxter arrived, at which point he would become her assistant.  This suggestion was turned down, and a more experienced producer, Leonard Chase, was appointed, with Barnes as his assistant.  Baxter eventually joined Blue Peter at the end of October 1962.

During this period, many iconic features of Blue Peter were introduced.  The first appeal took place in December 1962, replacing the practice of reviewing toys that children would ask for themselves.  Blue Peters first pet, a brown and white mongrel dog named Petra, was introduced on 17 December 1962.  The puppy soon died of distemper, and having decided against upsetting young viewers over the news, Barnes and Baxter had to search London pet shops for a convincing clandestine replacement.  Features such as “makes” (normally involving creating something such as an advent crown, out of household junk) and cooking became regular instalments on Blue Peter and continue to be used today.  The Blue Peter badge was introduced in 1963, along with the programme’s new logo designed by Tony Hart.  Baxter introduced a system that ensured replies sent to viewers’ letters were personal; as a girl, she had written to Enid Blyton and twice received a standard reply, which had upset her.

The next year, from 28 September 1964, Blue Peter began to be broadcast twice weekly, with Baxter becoming the editor in 1965, and Barnes and Rosemary Gill (an assistant producer who had joined as a temporary producer while Baxter was doing jury service) becoming the programme’s producers.  The first Blue Peter book, an annual in all but name, was published that year, and one was produced nearly every year after that, until 2010.  A third presenter, John Noakes, was introduced at the end of 1965 and became the longest-serving presenter.  A complete contrast to Trace, Noakes set the scene for “daredevil” presenters that have continued through the generations of presenters.  Trace left Blue Peter in July 1967, and was replaced by Peter Purves in November.  The trio of Valerie Singleton, John Noakes and Peter Purves lasted five years, and according to Richard Marson were ‘the most famous presenting team in the show’s history.  In 1965, the first Summer Expedition (a filming trip abroad) was held in Norway, and continued every year (except 1986 and 2011) until 2012, all over the world.

1970 – 1999

The first colour edition of Blue Peter aired on 14 September 1970, and the last black and white edition on 24 June 1974.  A regular feature of the 1970s was the Special Assignments, which were essentially reports on interesting topics, filmed on location.  Singleton took this role, and in effect became the programme’s “roving reporter”.   Blue Peter also offered breaking news on occasion, such as the 1971 eruption of Mount Etna, as well as unique items such as the first appearance of Uri Geller on British television.  In May 1976, presenter Lesley Judd interviewed Otto Frank, father of Anne Frank, after he had agreed to bring his daughter’s diaries to Britain.  From 1971 the summer expedition from the previous year was edited into special programmes broadcast under the title Blue Peter Flies The World, televised during the summer break when the team were recording the latest expedition.  The first was shown in July 1971 and featured the expedition to Jamaica.

In 1974, the Blue Peter Garden was officially opened in a green space outside the Television Centre restaurant block.  By this time, Blue Peter had become an established children’s programme, with regular features which have since become traditions.  In 1978, the show celebrated its twentieth anniversary with a nationwide balloon launch from five regional cities during a special edition of the programme when Christopher Trace, Leila Williams, Valerie Singleton and Peter Purves returned.  John Noakes contributed a message pre-recorded on film.  At this time, Trace introduced the Blue Peter Outstanding Endeavour Award.   Its theme music was updated by Mike Oldfield in 1979, and at the end of the decade a new presenting team was brought in, consisting of Simon Groom, Tina Heath and Christopher Wenner. They were overshadowed by the success of the previous two decades and failed to make as much of an impact.  Heath decided to leave after a year when she discovered she was pregnant but agreed to have a live scan of her baby, something which had never been done on television before.  Blue Peter was praised for this by the National Childbirth Trust who told the BBC that in ‘five minutes, Blue Peter had done more to educate children about birth than they’d achieved in ten years of sending out leaflets’.  Wenner decided to leave along with Heath on 23 June 1980.

Sarah Greene and Peter Duncan both joined in 1980, and a new producer, Lewis Bronze, joined in 1982.  The 1980s saw the Blue Peter studio become more colourful and bright, with the presenters gradually wearing more fashionable outfits, in contrast to the more formal appearance of previous decades.  Several videos of Blue Peter were made available from 1982, the first being Blue Peter Makes, and an omnibus comprising the two weekly editions appeared in 1986 on Sunday mornings.  Ahead of the show’s 25th anniversary in October 1983, BBC1 ran a series Blue Peter Goes Silver, revisiting previous summer expeditions.  The 25th anniversary itself was commemorated by a documentary presented by Valerie Singleton shown on BBC1 on Sunday, 16 October 1983.  This was followed the next day by a special edition of the programme when Christopher Trace presented the annual Outstanding Endeavour Award and Valerie Singleton, Peter Purves, Christopher Wenner, Tina Heath and Sarah Greene returned to celebrate the show’s birthday with the current presenting trio of Simon Groom, Peter Duncan and Janet Ellis who launched a national balloon treasure hunt.  On 27 June 1988, Baxter took part in her final show, after nearly 26 years of involvement, and Bronze took her place as editor.  Around this time, Blue Peter became distinctively environmentally aware and introduced a green badge in November 1988 for achievements related to the environment.  Shortly before, in October 1988, the show celebrated its thirtieth anniversary with a competition to design the cover of a commemorative issue of the ‘Radio Times’ and Valerie Singleton presented the Outstanding Endeavour Award on the birthday show itself.  The following year, the award was presented for the last time.

On 13 September 1984, Champion trampolinist and professional performer Michael Sundin presented for the first time, as a replacement for Peter Duncan.  He had been talent-spotted by the Blue Peter team when they filmed an item on the set of “Return to OZ” (Sundin was playing the part of Tik-Tok.)  After 77 appearances as a Blue Peter presenter, his contract was not renewed.  It has since been explained by Biddy Baxter, that he attracted complaints from viewers, stating in her Autobiography that homophobia was not the reason for his departure, “he came across as a whinger….and an effeminate whinger to boot”, “… it was nothing to do with his sexual proclivities”.  Sundin successfully continued his performing career but lost his life to an AIDS-related illness in 1989.

In 1989 (and again in 1992 and 1994), new arrangements of the theme tune were introduced.  Due to falling ratings in BBC children’s programming, BBC1 controller Alan Yentob suggested airing a third edition of Blue Peter each week from 1995.  This meant that it was sometimes pre-recorded; Joe Godwin, the director, suggested that the Friday edition should be a lighter version of Blue Peter, which would concentrate on music, celebrities and games.  Helen Lederer presented a documentary on BBC2 to celebrate the show’s 35th anniversary Here’s One I Made Earlier, with a special edition of the regular programme featuring the returns of Leila Williams, John Noakes and Lesley Judd amongst many other presenters. Neither Noakes nor Judd had appeared in the studio since leaving the programme and Williams was returning for the first time in 15 years.  A fourth presenter, Katy Hill, was introduced in 1995, but unlike earlier decades, there was little stability in the line-up, with resignations and new additions made almost every year of the decade.  The 1990s also saw many more live broadcasts on location, with many shot entirely away from the studio.  Blue Peter was also one of the first television series to launch a website.  Oliver Macfarlane replaced Bronze as editor in 1996.

1998 marked the 40th anniversary of the TV show.  Apart from two summer proms concerts, the most talked about event to celebrate the milestone was a trip behind LNER Peppercorn Class A2 60532 Blue Peter on an Edinburgh to London rail tour.  The special train in question was Days out Limited’s “Heart of Midlothian” from London Kings Cross to Edinburgh Waverley on Sun 19 April 1998, with 60532 working the train from Edinburgh.  Due to safety rules, none of the presenters was supposed to ride onboard the footplate during the trip.  Peter Kirk, who was in charge onboard the train and who was presenting from the footplate, however, allowed Stuart Miles to travel onboard the footplate between Newark-on-Trent and Peterborough.  This was the stretch of track which, on 3 July 1938, saw the world speed record for steam locomotives of 126 mph (203 km/h) set by LNER A4 Locomotive no. 4468 Mallard.

In October 1998, Richard Bacon was sacked, following reports in News of the World that he had taken cocaine.  This incident followed shortly after the show’s 40th anniversary when previous presenters returned for a special programme.  Those returning included Leila Williams, Valerie Singleton, John Noakes, Peter Purves, Diane Louise Jordan, Anthea Turner, John Leslie, Tim Vincent, Yvette Fielding, Caron Keating, Mark Curry, Janet Ellis, Peter Duncan, Sarah Greene, Tina Heath, Simon Groom and Christopher Wenner.  Steve Hocking then replaced Macfarlane as editor, at what was regarded as a difficult period for the programme.  He introduced a further re-arrangement of the theme tune and a new graphics package in September 1999.

2000 – 2010

The 2000s began with the opening of two previously buried time capsules.  Former presenters including Singleton, Purves and Noakes were invited back to assist, and the programme also looked at life in the 1970s when the first capsule was buried.  With Hill’s departure and replacement by Liz Barker in 2000, the new team of herself, Konnie Huq, Simon Thomas, and Matt Baker were consistent for the next few years.  The Friday edition, as in the previous decade, featured games, competitions and celebrities, but additionally, there was a drama series, The Quest, which featured cameos of many former presenters.

It was at this time that the new Head of the BBC Children’s Department, Nigel Pickard, asked for Blue Peter to be broadcast all year round.  This was achieved by having two editions per week instead of three during the summer months and using pre-recorded material.  The early 2000s also introduced Christmas productions, in which the presenters took part.  In 2003, Richard Marson became the new editor, and his first tasks included changing the output of Blue Peter on the digital CBBC.  The first year of the channel’s launch consisted of repeated editions, plus spin-off series Blue Peter Unleashed and Blue Peter Flies the World.  This new arrangement involved a complex schedule of live programmes and pre-recorded material, being broadcast on BBC One and CBBC. Marson also introduced a brand new set, graphics and music.

In September 2007, a new editor, Tim Levell, took over.  At the same time, budget cuts meant that the programme came from a smaller studio.  In February 2008 the BBC One programme was moved from 5 pm to 4.35 pm to accommodate The Weakest Link, and as a result, Blue Peters ratings initially dropped to as low as 100,000 viewers in the age 6–12 bracket, before steadily improving.

As with the previous decade, numerous presenters joined and left the programme.  This included the exits of Thomas, Baker and Barker and the additions of Zöe Salmon, Gethin Jones and Andy Akinwolere.  Early 2008 saw the departure of Huq, who had become the longest-serving female presenter with over ten years on the show.  Later that year, Salmon and Jones both left and the presenting team of Akinwolere with new additions Helen Skelton and Joel Defries was introduced.

On 16 October 2008, Blue Peter celebrated its 50th Anniversary with a reception at Buckingham Palace hosted by Queen Elizabeth II and featuring several former presenters.  There was a special live edition of the show broadcast to celebrate the anniversary with many returning presenters and a 60-minute documentary on BBC1 featuring interviews with many previous presenters and production staff, including Edward Barnes, Biddy Baxter and Rosemary Gill.

Writing in the BBC’s in-house magazine, Ariel, in 2009, BBC Children’s Controller Richard Deverell announced plans to re-invent the show to be more like the BBC’s motoring programme Top Gear.  Deverell hopes that by adding “danger and excitement”, Blue Peter will achieve the same “playground buzz” among children as Top Gear.

2011 – 2017

In January 2011 Barney Harwood was introduced to the programme as a replacement for Defries, who had departed in late 2010 after two years.  Unusually, Harwood was no stranger to Blue Peter viewers, having appeared as a presenter on CBBC for many years, on shows including Prank Patrol and Bear Behaving Badly.

On 29 March 2011 Blue Peter became the first programme in the UK to broadcast an entire show in 360 degrees on the web.  Viewers were able to watch the programme via their TVs and simultaneously interact with the television studio in front of and behind the cameras on the website.   Viewers were also challenged to play a game where they had to find particular crew members and staff dressed up in distinctive costumes.

The final edition of Blue Peter to broadcast from the BBC’s Television Centre in London was broadcast on 28 June 2011, before a move to the BBC’s new facilities at Dock10, MediaCityUK.  The set left behind at BBC Television Centre was subsequently purchased and installed at Sunderland University’s David Puttnam Media Centre in August 2013.

When the new series started on 26 September 2011, after the usual summer break, Harwood and Skelton revealed the new look Blue Peter studio along with the new music and title sequence.  Departed presenter Andy Akinwolere was not initially replaced, and for the first time in 50 years, only two presenters remained on the programme.  The new Blue Peter Garden, located outside the studios, was officially opened by Princess Anne in February 2012.

From 12 January 2012, Blue Peter has been broadcast all year round (with no break for summer) once a week, its original premiere being on CBBC on Thursdays at 5.45 pm, changed to 5.30 pm from April 2013 then 5:00 pm from March 2015.  It was usually repeated on Fridays on BBC One, although this ceased in December 2012.  A repeat airs at 9.00 am on Sundays. At this time, Levell left to work at BBC Radio 5 Live; he was replaced (initially in an acting capacity) as editor by Ewan Vinnicombe, who had worked on the programme as a producer since 2007.  The reformatted Blue Peter occasionally also included specials and spin-offs such as “Helen’s Polar Adventure” or the Stargazing Live special on other days of the week.

In 2013 Lindsey Russell was voted the 36th presenter via Blue Peter – You Decide!, a series of five programmes hosted by Dick and Dom, where ten aspiring presenters were set a number of challenges to prove that they were worthy of the position.  Judges Cel Spellman, Eamonn Holmes and Myleene Klass decided the final three before viewers were given the chance to vote online.  Russell joined Blue Peter in September of that year, shortly before Skelton’s departure and the introduction of her replacement Radzi Chinyanganya.

From October 2013, the team consisted of Harwood, Russell and Chinyanganya.  The format adapted with slightly different branding and a more classic take on the show, as well as beginning Blue Peter Bites, which are five-minute clips showing just one challenge or video from episodes broadcast on CBBC.  Blue Peter guide pup Iggy joined the team in 2014 and Shelley the Tortoise continues to make occasional appearances.  The Blue Peter Garden is currently maintained by child gardener George who appears throughout the year.  The team made more use of the website with more quizzes and videos such as ‘Blue Peter VS…’ and ‘Ultimate Challenges’ as well as holding a fan club hour after the show where fans could leave comments as to the answers of riddles or headline suggestions and ask guests questions.  A popular game on the programme, Spot Shelley was also introduced, where, in most episodes, an animated version of Shelley the tortoise is hiding somewhere/on something and viewers must leave a comment on the website during the show, the first person to spot her wins a shout-out (or some more expensive or weird prizes as Harwood would often joke, such as a house in Spain or a unicorn called Eric).  From April 2017, the show reverted to 5:30 pm.  In September 2017, Harwood left the show, again leaving just two presenters.

In the summerBlue Peter often challenges its viewers to earn all of their Blue Peter badges (with the exception of orange and gold) through five weeks, where the team look at each individual badge for a week, finishing with the limited time Sports badge which appears every summer with a different design.  In the show before these weeks, the team show viewers how to make something to keep their badges in/on and continue the theme through the weeks, these have included the Badge Baton Relay in 2016, where badges stored within a baton tube and the Big Badge Boat Bonanza in 2017, where badges displayed on the iconic BP ship, a 2D model that can be made from paper.

Ahead of their Jubilee celebrations, Blue Peter introduced its first-ever Guest Editor to the show on 19 October 2017 which was children’s author Dame Jacqueline Wilson.  Guest Editors have control for the day and plan what they what to show on their edition, as well as taking control behind the scenes.

2018 – Present

A special programme broadcast on 1 February 2018, marked Blue Peter’s 5000th edition.  A brand new Diamond badge was revealed for the first time, designed by Henry Holland.  This was only to be awarded within the special 60th year of 2018.

On 12 October 2017, it was revealed that outside of MediaCityUK, a Hollywood style walk of fame would be created with the names of famous people who have received a Gold Blue Peter badge.  The walkway would lead up to the front of the studios and would help to mark 60 years of Blue Peter.

There were various celebrations across the UK for “The Big Birthday Year”.  In January, a competition was launched to design Blue Peters second birthday balloon to be flown.  In May, the Millennium Time Capsule formally buried under the Millennium Dome, which was dug up accidentally in 2017 by builders went on tour with various past presenters around the country.  A play, “Once Seen On Blue Peter”, ran at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in August, with six former presenters appearing in it.

On 16 October 2018, a special one-hour live edition of the programme, entitled Blue Peter: Big 60th Birthday, was broadcast on CBBC.  Guests included The Vamps, Sophie Ellis-Bextor and Ed Sheeran, who was presented with a gold Blue Peter badge.  Former presenters returned for the show and contributed to the broadcast, including Leila Williams, Anita West, Valerie Singleton, Peter Purves, Lesley Judd, Sarah Greene, Peter Duncan, Janet Ellis, Yvette Fielding, John Leslie, Diane-Louise Jordan, Anthea Turner, Tim Vincent, Stuart Miles, Katy Hill, Romana D’Annunzio, Richard Bacon, Konnie Huq, Simon Thomas, Liz Barker, Zöe Salmon, Andy Akinwolere, Helen Skelton, Joel Defries and Barney Harwood.  Matt Baker contributed a pre-recorded message and Mark Curry was represented by a lego model as he had to cancel his contribution due to ill health.  The programme was repeated on BBC Two on 20 October.  The celebration was also marked by other BBC programming, including The One Show hosted by Matt Baker and former Blue Peter contributor Gabby Logan, which featured Sarah Greene, Mark Curry, Simon Thomas and Konnie Huq; ITV’s Lorraine, where Greene appeared with Leila Williams and Anthea Turner; and BBC Breakfast which featured Lesley Judd.  A documentary entitled Happy Birthday Blue Peter was broadcast that evening on BBC Radio 2.  It was hosted by Barney Harwood and featured interviews with past and present presenters, as well as members of the production team.  As part of the birthday celebrations, a new plant species was named “Blue Peter”.  In February 2019 a gritter was named and decorated “Blue Peter”, unveiled by Russell.

On 3 June 2021, the show received a refresh with a new logo, title sequence, music and studio.  This was the first major refresh since the show’s move to Salford in 2011.  The studio is environmentally-friendly and is composed of upcycled materials from past studios.

On 24 June 2021, Russell announced that she would be leaving the show, after eight years.  Her final show aired on 15 July 2021.

Read more about Blue Peter here.

The above articles were sourced from Wikipedia and are subject to change.

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Notes And Links

Max Rahubovskiy on Pexels –  The image shown at the top of this page is the copyright of Max Rahubovskiy.  You can find more great work from the photographer Max by clicking the link above and you can get lots more free stock photos at Pexels.

Blue Peter – Official page on CBBC.  The image at top of this page is the copyright of BBC.

Universal Classic Monsters

Image © of Universal Pictures via Wikipedia

Ever since I was little I have loved Universal classic monsters, for it is they that started my love of Horror off, even if they scared the hell out of me at first and I hid under my Mom’s arm or behind the settee at first watching them, ha ha.  That changed the older I got. 

When Halloween comes around you can be sure someone is wearing an Halloween costume that relates to one of the classic monsters mentioned below.

There will be more references to Universal Classic Monsters in the appropriate Decades sections and articles via the Horror index below.

Universal Classic Monsters

Universal Classic Monsters (also known as Universal Monsters and Universal Studios Monsters) is a media franchise based on a series of horror films primarily produced by Universal Pictures from the 1930s to the 1950s.  Although not initially conceived as a franchise, the enduring popularity and legacy of the films and the characters featured in them have led the studio to market them under the collective brand name of Universal Studios Monsters.  Steve Jones of USA Today described Universal’s most famous monsters as pop culture icons, specifically Dracula, Frankenstein, The Mummy and The Wolf Man.

Universal Pictures image from the Internet Archive via Wikipedia and is in the public domain

Bela Lugosi as Dracula.

This is a screenshot from the Internet Archive of the classic 1931 film Dracula.  You can see the trailer it came from here

Universal Pictures image via Wikipedia and is the public domain

Boris Karloff as The Mummy.

This is a screenshot from the Internet Archive of the classic 1932 film The Mummy.  You can see the trailer it came from here

Universal Pictures image via IMDb

Boris Karloff as Frankenstein’s Monster.

Directed by James Whale.

You can see the trailer for the classic Frankenstein film from 1931 via The Internet Archive here.

Universal Pictures image via Wikipedia and is the public domain

Lon Chaney Jnr. as The Wolf Man.

This promotional photo is from the classic1941 film The Wolf Man.

You can see the trailer for The Wolf Man via The Internet Archive here.

See more photos and relevant information further down below.

Universal Monsters Films 

For an extensive list of Universal Monsters Films click here.

Universal Monsters Films Free To Watch

Below are just some of the great Universal Monsters films for you to enjoy.

They are not all classic films to me but if I have watched one and I think it is I will say so.

The Phantom Of The Opera 1925 Silent Film In Full

Watch the classic 1925 silent film The Phantom Of The Opera starring Lon Chaney via The Internet Archive here.

See information about this classic film further down at the top of the page.

Dracula 1931 In Full

Watch the classic 1931 film Dracula starring Bela Lugosi via The Internet Archive here.

See information about this classic film at the top of the page.

Frankenstein 1931 In Full

Watch the classic 1931 film Frankenstein starring Boris Karloff via The Internet Archive here.

See information about this classic film at the top of the page.

The Mummy 1932 In Full

Watch the classic 1932 film The Mummy starring Boris Karloff via The Internet Archive here.

See information about this classic film at the top of the page.

The Invisible Man 1933 In Full

Watch the classic 1933 film The Invisible Man starring Claude Rains via The Internet Archive here.

See information about this classic film further down at the bottom of the page.

The Bride Of Frankenstein 1935 In Full

Watch the 1935 film The Bride Of Frankenstein starring Boris Karloff via The Internet Archive here.

See information about this film further down at the bottom of the page.

Frankenstein Meets The Wolf Man 1942 In Full

Watch the 1942 film Frankenstein Meets The Wolf Man starring Boris Karloff and Lon Chaney Jnr via The Internet Archive here.

See information about this film further down at the bottom of the page.

Universal Classic Monsters Home Video 

Image © of Universal Pictures via Wikipedia

Universal Classic Monsters logo.

This is the official franchise logo as displayed on home video releases

Louis Feola was the head of Worldwide Home Video for Universal Studios and said in 1999 that “a couple of years ago” he decided to “reinvigorate and re-market” Universal’s Classic Monsters catalogue which included the series Dracula, Frankenstein, The Invisible Man, The Phantom of the Opera, The Wolf Man, and The Mummy.  In 1992, in an interview with Billboard, Feola stated that to market and sell home video, the most important thing was the packaging of their sales which was “probably our single biggest priority and has been for a number of years”, and that it was key to make the series of films “look like a line”.

In 1995, MCA/Universal released a collection of the film on home video under the title The Universal Studios Monsters Classic Collection.  This series included Frankenstein, Dracula, The Mummy, The Invisible Man, and The Creature From the Black Lagoon series.  A collection of stamps featuring Universal Classic Monsters was also released in September 1997 titled the Universal Classic Movie Monsters series.  Other characters included in the series included the Mummy and Frankenstein’s monster, both played by Boris Karloff), the Phantom of the Opera played by Lon Chaney and the Wolf Man played by Lon Chaney Jnr.

Universal Classic Monsters Merchandising

After the Universal horror films were syndicated to television, this led to a rise in the popularity of merchandise based on Frankenstein’s monster and Dracula.  Throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s, the Universal monsters were promoted via merchandising which included: Halloween costumes, Aurora model kits, paperback novelizations, makeup how-to manuals, T-shirt iron-ons, posters, trading cards, and more.  Since 1991, Halloween Horror Nights at Universal Parks & Resorts have featured characters from the Universal Classic Monsters franchise.  From 2006 to 2014, the characters also appeared in the year-round walk-through attraction, Universal’s House of Horrors, at Universal Studios Hollywood.  The franchise is also the central theme of Universal’s Horror Make-Up Show.  The live show opened in 1990 at Universal Studios Florida and is still in operation.  Merchandising of the characters in formats such as clothing and board games has continued into the 21st century.

Universal Monsters Comics

Dark Horse Comics

You can read more about Dark Horse Comics here

Dark Horse Comics released comic adaptions of several of the films, featuring four one-shots and one collected edition, in 1993 and 2006, respectively.  

You can see which comics Dark Horse Comics produced here.

Skybound Entertainment 

You can read more about Skybound Entertainment here.

Skybound Entertainment, an Image Comics company, will publish a new series of Universal Monsters comic books.

You can read more about Image Comics here.

You can see which comics Skybound Entertainment produced here.

Universal Monsters Photos

Below are just some of the great Universal Monsters films photos for you to enjoy.  They are not all classic films to me but if I have watched one and I  think it is I will say so.

Universal Pictures image via IMDb

Lon Chaney as The Phantom Of The Opera.

This photo is from the classic 1925 silent film The Phantom Of The Opera.  

You can see the trailer for The Phantom Of The Opera via the Internet Archive here.

Universal Pictures image by unknown via Wikipedia and is the public domain

The Phantom Of The Opera 1925 film poster.

Universal Pictures image by unknown via Wikipedia and is the public domain

Dracula 1931 film poster.

See information about this classic film at the top of the page.

Universal Pictures image by Karoly Grosz via Wikipedia and is the public domain

Frankenstein 1931 film poster.

See information about this classic film at the top of the page.

Image © Universal via Universal Studios and Trick Or Treat Studios
Image © Universal via Universal Studios and Trick Or Treat Studios
Image © Universal via Universal Studios and Trick Or Treat Studios

The EXCELLENT Frankenstein mask from Trick Or Treat Studios.

This is a very cool Universal Classic Monsters mask I purchased for Halloween 2023.  It is officially licenced by Universal Studios and made for Trick Or Treat StudiosIt is, to date, the favourite mask I have in my mask collection and what I have worn for Halloween parties.  To see me in this and many more masks click here.

Universal Pictures image by Karoly Grosz via Wikipedia and is the public domain

The Mummy 1932 film poster.

See information about this classic film at the top of the page.

Universal Pictures image via IMDb

Claude Rains as The Invisible Man.

This photo is from the classic 1933 film The Invisible Man

Directed by James Whale.

You can see the trailer for The Invisible Man via YouTube here.

Universal Pictures image by Karoly Grosz via Wikipedia and is the public domain

The Invisible Man 1933 film poster.

Universal Pictures image via Wikipedia and is the public domain

Boris Karloff as Frankenstein’s Monster.

This promotional photo is from the 1935 film The Bride of Frankenstein.

Directed by James Whale.

You can see the trailer for The Bride Of Frankenstein via the Internet Archive here.

Universal Pictures image via Wikipedia and is the public domain
Image © of Universal Pictures via Wikipedia

The Wolf Man 1942 film poster.

See information about this classic film at the top of the page.

Universal Pictures image via IMDb

Nelson Eddy as The Phantom Of The Opera.

This photo is from the 1943 film Phantom Of The Opera

You can see the trailer for Phantom Of The Opera via YouTube here.

Universal Pictures via Wikipedia and is the public domain

Phantom Of The Opera 1943 film poster.

Universal Pictures via Wikipedia and is the public domain

Creature From The Black Lagoon 1945 film poster.

Universal Pictures via IMDb

Ben Chapman as The Creature From The Black Lagoon. 

There were two men playing the creature in the film, Ricou Browning in the water and Ben Chapman out of the water (shown here).  None of them were credited which was unfair in my opinion considering they were both playing the actual monster in the film title and for that reason, I have rightly acknowledged them both here.

This photo is from the 1954 film Creature From The Black Lagoon

You can see the trailer for Creature From The Black Lagoon via the Internet Archive here.

You can see references and sources to the above articles here.  The above was sourced from a page on Wikipedia and is subject to change. 

Blog Posts

Links

Universal Pictures – Official website.  The image shown at the top of this page, and elsewhere, of the Universal Classic Monsters logo is the copyright of Universal Pictures and was taken from Wikipedia.

The image above of Bela Lugosi as Dracula is from the Internet Archive via Wikipedia and is in the public domain.

The image above of Boris Karloff as The Mummy is from the Internet Archive via Wikipedia and is in the public domain.

The image above of Boris Karloff as Frankenstein’s Monster is via Wikipedia and in the public domain.

The image above of Lon Chaney Jnr. as The Wolf Man is via Wikipedia.

The image above of Lon Chaney as The Phantom Of The Opera is via IMDb.

The image above of  The Phantom Of The Opera 1925 film poster by unknown is via Wikipedia and in the public domain.

The image above of the Dracula 1931 film poster by unknown is via Wikipedia and in the public domain.

The image above of the Frankenstein 1931 film poster by Karoly Grosz is via Wikipedia and in the public domain.

The Frankenstein mask photos above are copyright of Universal via Universal Studios and Trick Or Treat Studios.

The image above of The Mummy 1932 film poster by Karoly Grosz is via Wikipedia and in the public domain.

The image above of Claude Rains as The Invisible Man is from IMDb.

The image above of The Invisible Man 1933 film poster by Karoly Grosz is via Wikipedia and in the public domain.

The image above of Frankenstein’s monster is via Wikipedia and in the public domain.

The image above of The Bride Of Frankenstein 1935 film poster is via Wikipedia and in the public domain.

The image above of The Wolf Man 1942 film poster by unknown is via Wikipedia.

The image above of Nelson Eddy as The Phantom Of The Opera is via IMDb.

The image above of Phantom Of The Opera 1943 film poster by inknown is via Wikipedia and in the public domain.

IMDb on Facebook.

IMDb on Twitter.

IMDb on YouTube.

Universal Pictures – U.K. official website.

Universal Pictures on YouTube.

Universal Pictures on Facebook.

Universal Pictures on Twitter.

Universal Studios – Official website.

Universal Studios on YouTube.

Universal Studios on Facebook.

Universal Studios on Twitter.

Trick Or Treat Studios – Official website.

Trick Or Treat Studios on YouTube.

Trick Or Treat Studios on Facebook.

Trick Or Treat Studios on Twitter.

Trick Or Treat Studios on Instagram.

Trick Or Treat Studios on TikTok.

Wikipedia – Official website.  Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that anyone can edit in good faith. Its purpose is to benefit readers by containing information on all branches of knowledge.  Hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, it consists of freely editable content, whose articles also have numerous links to guide readers to more information. 

Horror

Image © of Alexa_Fotos via Pixabay

What is there not to like about horror? It is an escapism from the real world and so damn cool.  I love so much about it.  This page concentrates on the Horror genre and anything I post about that can be seen in Blog Posts below.

I have been a fan of Horror, particularly Horror films since I was little.  I have loved Universal classic monsters, for it is they that started my love of Horror off, even if they scared the hell out of me at first and I hid under my Mom’s arm or behind the settee at first watching them., ha ha.  That changed the older I got. 

If you mention anything to do with horror then it is inevitable Halloween is mentioned. 

Growing up in England from a child to a teenager in the 1960’s, 1970’s and 1980’s, Halloween was an American thing you saw on the telly.  There was no dressing up and trick-or-treating, not in my family home anyway.  Even when my kids were younger I never really bothered much about Halloween.  It was just all too American for me and just liked the English traditions I was brought up with.  They had fun wearing masks, bobbing for apples etc. but we never went out dressed up knocking on people’s doors.  in fact, I don’t recall ever seeing anyone else do it either. 

Nowadays all of the above is a common sight.  I am no killjoy and I don’t knock anyone who really enjoys it.  I admit it’s a fun thing for kids to do and a good excuse for a party for the adults which I have enjoyed going to in the past few years.  When you have suffered from depression and anxiety for as long as I have, just to be included can be a lifesaver.

The main thing I like about Halloween is dressing up and the Horror theme to it.  I have never celebrated  Halloween in my life in the past because, since I was a kid, I have loved horror.  Every day is Halloween for me, ha ha. 

About Horror 

Horror is a genre of fiction that is intended to disturb, frighten or scare. Horror is often divided into the sub-genres of psychological horror and supernatural horror, which are in the realm of speculative fiction.  Literary historian J. A. Cuddon, in 1984, defined the horror story as “a piece of fiction in prose of variable length… which shocks, or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing”.  Horror intends to create an eerie and frightening atmosphere for the reader.  Often the central menace of a work of horror fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for larger fears of a society.

Prevalent elements include ghosts, demons, vampires, monsters, zombies, werewolves, the Devil, serial killers, extraterrestrial life, killer toys, psychopaths, gore, torture, evil clowns, cults, cannibalism, vicious animals, the apocalypse, evil witches, dystopia and man-made or natural disasters. 

Image by Gustave Dore via wikipedia and is in the public domain

The Raven by Gustave Dore.

This is an illustration of the 1884 edition of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven.  It is referring to the illustration “Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before.”

The History Of Horror 

Before 1000

The horror genre has ancient origins, with roots in folklore and religious traditions focusing on death, the afterlife, evil, the demonic and the principle of the thing embodied in the person.  These manifested in stories of beings such as demons, witches, vampires, werewolves and ghosts.  European horror fiction became established through the works of the Ancient Greeks and Ancient Romans.  Mary Shelley’s well-known 1818 novel about Frankenstein was greatly influenced by the story of Hippolytus, whom Asclepius revives from death.  Euripides wrote plays based on the story, Hippolytos Kalyptomenos and Hippolytus.  In Plutarch’s The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans in the account of Cimon, the author describes the spirit of a murderer, Damon, who himself was murdered in a bathhouse in Chaeronea.

Pliny the Younger (61 to circa 113) tells the tale of Athenodorus Cananites, who bought a haunted house in Athens.  Athenodorus was cautious since the house seemed inexpensive.  While writing a book on philosophy, he was visited by a ghostly figure bound in chains.  The figure disappeared in the courtyard and the following day, the magistrates dug in the courtyard and found an unmarked grave.

Elements of the horror genre also occur in Biblical texts, notably in the Book of Revelation.

After 1000

The Witch of Berkeley by William of Malmesbury has been viewed as an early horror story.  Werewolf stories were popular in medieval French literature. One of Marie de France’s twelve lais is a werewolf story titled Bisclavret.

The Countess Yolande commissioned a werewolf story titled Guillaume de Palerme.  Anonymous writers penned two werewolf stories, Biclarel and Melion.

Much horror fiction derives from the cruellest personages of the 15th century.  Dracula can be traced to the Prince of Wallachia Vlad III, whose alleged war crimes were published in German pamphlets.  A 1499 pamphlet was published by Markus Ayrer, which is most notable for its woodcut imagery.  The alleged serial killer sprees of Gilles de Rais have been seen as the inspiration for Bluebeard.  The motif of the vampiress is most notably derived from the real-life noblewoman and murderer, Elizabeth Bathory, and helped usher in the emergence of horror fiction in the 18th century, such as through Laszlo Turoczi’s 1729 book Tragica Historia.

Image by unknown via wikipedia and is in the public domain

Vlad The Impaler.

This is a portrait of Vlad Tzepesh (Vlad III).  He was the inspiration for Count Dracula.  Tzepesh ruled from 1455 – 1462 and 1483 – 1496.

18th Century

The 18th century saw the gradual development of Romanticism and the Gothic horror genre.  It drew on the written and material heritage of the Late Middle Ages, finding its form with Horace Walpole’s seminal and controversial 1764 novel, The Castle of Otranto.  In fact, the first edition was published disguised as an actual medieval romance from Italy, discovered and republished by a fictitious translator.  Once revealed as modern, many found it anachronistic, reactionary, or simply in poor taste but it proved immediately popular.  Otranto inspired Vathek (1786) by William Beckford, A Sicilian Romance (1790), The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) and The Italian (1796) by Ann Radcliffe and The Monk (1797) by Matthew LewisA significant amount of horror fiction of this era was written by women and marketed towards a female audience, a typical scenario of the novels being a resourceful female menaced in a gloomy castle.

Image by Joshua Reynolds via wikipedia and is in the public domain

Horace Walpole by Joshua Reynolds.

Image by Henry Justice Ford via wikipedia and is in the public domain

Athenodorus by Henry Justice Ford.

Here Athenodorus confronts the Spectre.  It is from The Strange Story Book by Leonora Blanche Lang and Andrew Lang.

19th Century

The Gothic tradition blossomed into the genre that modern readers today call horror literature in the 19th century.  Influential works and characters that continue resonating in fiction and film today saw their genesis in the Brothers Grimm’s Hansel and Gretel (1812), Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818), John Polidori’s The Vampyre (1819), Charles Maturin’s Melmoth the Wanderer (1820), Washington Irving’s The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820), Jane C. Loudon’s The Mummy!: Or a Tale of the Twenty-Second Century (1827), Victor Hugo’s The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831), Thomas Peckett Prest’s Varney the Vampire (1847), the works of Edgar Allan Poe, the works of Sheridan Le Fanu, Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886), Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890), H. G. Wells’ The Invisible Man (1897), and Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897).  Each of these works created an enduring icon of horror seen in later re-imaginings on the page, stage and screen.

Image by Richard Rothwell via wikipedia and is in the public domain

Mary Shelley By Richard Rothwell.

20th Century

A proliferation of cheap periodicals around the turn of the century led to a boom in horror writing.  For example, Gaston Leroux serialised his Le Fantome de l’Opera (The Phantom Of The Opera) before it became a novel in 1910.   One writer who specialised in horror fiction for mainstream pulps, such as All-Story Magazine, was Tod Robbins, whose fiction deals with themes of madness and cruelty.  In Russia, the writer Alexander Belyaev popularised these themes in his story Professor Dowell’s Head (1925), in which a mad doctor performs experimental head transplants and reanimations on bodies stolen from the morgue, and which was first published as a magazine serial before being turned into a novel.  Later, specialist publications emerged to give horror writers an outlet, prominent among them were Weird Tales and Unknown Worlds.

Influential horror writers of the early 20th century made inroads into these mediums.  Particularly, the venerated horror author H. P. Lovecraft, and his enduring Cthulhu Mythos transformed and popularised the genre of cosmic horror, and M. R. James is credited with redefining the ghost story in that era.

The serial murderer became a recurring theme.  Yellow journalism and sensationalism of various murderers, such as Jack the Ripper, and lesser so, Carl Panzram, Fritz Haarman, and Albert Fish, all perpetuated this phenomenon.  The trend continued in the postwar era, partly renewed after the murders committed by Ed Gein.  In 1959, Robert Bloch, inspired by the murders, wrote Psycho.  The crimes committed in 1969 by the Manson Family influenced the slasher theme in horror fiction of the 1970’s.  In 1981, Thomas Harris wrote Red Dragon, introducing Dr. Hannibal Lecter.  In 1988, the sequel to that novel, The Silence of the Lambs, was published.

Early cinema was inspired by many aspects of horror literature and started a strong tradition of horror films and subgenres that continues to this day.  Up until the graphic depictions of violence and gore on the screen commonly associated with 1960’s and 1970’s slasher films and splatter films, comic books such as those published by EC Comics (most notably Tales From The Crypt) in the 1950’s satisfied readers’ quests for horror imagery that the silver screen could not provide.  This imagery made these comics controversial, and as a consequence, they were frequently censored.

The modern zombie tale dealing with the motif of the living dead harks back to works including H. P. Lovecraft’s stories Cool Air (1925), In The Vault (1926), and The Outsider (1926), and Dennis Wheatley’s Strange Conflict (1941).  Richard Matheson’s novel I Am Legend (1954) influenced an entire genre of apocalyptic zombie fiction emblematized by the films of George A. Romero.

In the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, the enormous commercial success of three books – Rosemary’s Baby (1967) by Ira Levin, The Exorcist by William Peter Blatty, and The Other by Thomas Tryon encouraged publishers to begin releasing numerous other horror novels, thus creating a horror boom.

One of the best-known late-20th-century horror writers is Stephen King, known for Carrie, The Shining, It, Misery and several dozen other novels and about 200 short stories.  Beginning in the 1970’s, King’s stories have attracted a large audience, for which he was awarded by the U.S. National Book Foundation in 2003.  Other popular horror authors of the period included Anne Rice, Brian Lumley, Graham Masterton, James Herbert, Dean Koontz, Richard Laymon, Clive Barker, Ramsey Campbell, and Peter Straub.

Image © Pinguino Kolb via Wikipedia

Stephen King.

This photo of King was taken at the 2007 New York Comicon in America.

21st Century

Best-selling book series of contemporary times exist in genres related to horror fiction, such as the werewolf fiction urban fantasy Kitty Norville books by Carrie Vaughn (2005 onward).  Horror elements continue to expand outside the genre.  The alternate history of more traditional historical horror in Dan Simmons’s 2007 novel The Terror sits on bookstore shelves next to genre mash-ups such as Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (2009), and historical fantasy and horror comics such as Hellblazer (1993 onward) and Mike Mignola’s Hellboy (1993 onward).  Horror also serves as one of the central genres in more complex modern works such as Mark Z. Danielewski’s House of Leaves (2000), a finalist for the National Book Award.  There are many horror novels for children and teens, such as R. L. Stine’s Goosebumps series or The Monstrumologist by Rick Yancey.  Additionally, many movies for young audiences, particularly animated ones, use horror aesthetics and conventions, for example, ParaNorman. These are what can be collectively referred to as children’s horror.  Although it is unknown for sure why children enjoy these movies (as it seems counter-intuitive), it is theorised that it is, in part, grotesque monsters that fascinate kids.  Tangential to this, the internalised impact of horror television programs and films on children is rather under-researched, especially when compared to the research done on the similar subject of violence in TV and film’s impact on the young mind.  What little research there is tends to be inconclusive on the impact that viewing such media has.

Related Genres

Horror Characteristics

One defining trait of the horror genre is that it provokes an emotional, psychological, or physical response within readers that causes them to react with fear.  One of H. P. Lovecraft’s most famous quotes about the genre is “The oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown.”.  This is the first sentence from his seminal essay, Supernatural Horror in Literature.  Science fiction historian Darrell Schweitzer has stated, “In the simplest sense, a horror story is one that scares us” and “the true horror story requires a sense of evil, not in necessarily in a theological sense, but the menaces must be truly menacing, life-destroying, and antithetical to happiness.”

In her essay Elements of Aversion, Elizabeth Barrette articulates the need by some for horror tales in a modern world.  She says, “The old fight or flight reaction of our evolutionary heritage once played a major role in the life of every human.  Our ancestors lived and died by it.  Then someone invented the fascinating game of civilization, and things began to calm down. Development pushed wilderness back from settled lands.  War, crime, and other forms of social violence came with civilization and humans started preying on each other, but by and large daily life calmed down.  We began to feel restless, to feel something missing, the excitement of living on the edge, the tension between hunter and hunted.  So we told each other stories through the long, dark nights. when the fires burned low, we did our best to scare the daylights out of each other.  The rush of adrenaline feels good.  Our hearts pound, our breath quickens, and we can imagine ourselves on the edge.  Yet we also appreciate the insightful aspects of horror. Sometimes a story intends to shock and disgust, but the best horror intends to rattle our cages and shake us out of our complacency.  It makes us think, forces us to confront ideas we might rather ignore, and challenges preconceptions of all kinds.  Horror reminds us that the world is not always as safe as it seems, which exercises our mental muscles and reminds us to keep a little healthy caution close at hand.”

In a sense similar to the reason a person seeks out the controlled thrill of a roller coaster, readers in the modern era seek out feelings of horror and terror to feel a sense of excitement.  However, Barrette adds that horror fiction is one of the few mediums where readers seek out a form of art that forces themselves to confront ideas and images they “might rather ignore to challenge preconceptions of all kinds.”

One can see the confrontation of ideas that readers and characters would rather ignore throughout literature in famous moments such as Hamlet’s musings about the skull of Yorick, its implications of the mortality of humanity, and the gruesome end that bodies inevitably come to.  In horror fiction, the confrontation with the gruesome is often a metaphor for the problems facing the current generation of the author.

There are many theories as to why people enjoy being scared. For example, people who like horror films are more likely to score highly for openness to experience, a personality trait linked to intellect and imagination.

It is a now commonly accepted view that the horror elements of Dracula’s portrayal of vampirism are metaphors for sexuality in a repressed Victorian era.  But this is merely one of many interpretations of the metaphor of Dracula.  Jack Halberstam postulates many of these in his essay Technologies of Monstrosity: Bram Stoker’s Dracula.  He writes, “[The] image of dusty and unused gold, coins from many nations and old unworn jewels, immediately connects Dracula to the old money of a corrupt class, to a kind of piracy of nations and to the worst excesses of the aristocracy.”

Halberstram articulates a view of Dracula as manifesting the growing perception of the aristocracy as an evil and outdated notion to be defeated.  The depiction of a multinational band of protagonists using the latest technologies (such as a telegraph) to quickly share, collate, and act upon new information is what leads to the destruction of the vampire.  This is one of many interpretations of the metaphor of only one central figure of the canon of horror fiction, as over a dozen possible metaphors are referenced in the analysis, from the religious to the antisemitic.

Noel Carroll’s Philosophy of Horror postulates that a modern piece of horror fiction’s monster, villain, or a more inclusive menace must exhibit the following two traits which is a menace that is threatening (either physically, psychologically, socially, morally, spiritually, or some combination of the aforementioned) and a menace that is impure (that violates the generally accepted schemes of cultural categorisation.  

Image by John Tenniel via Wikipedia and is in the public domain

The Irish Frankenstein by John Tenniel.

This illustration is from an 1882 issue of Punch and is anti-Irish propaganda.  Tenniel conceives the Irish Fenian movement as akin to Frankenstein’s monster, in the wake of the Phoenix Park killings.  Menacing villains and monsters in horror literature can often be seen as metaphors for the fears incarnate of a society.

Scholarship And Criticism

In addition to those essays and articles shown above, scholarship on horror fiction is almost as old as horror fiction itself.  In 1826, the gothic novelist Ann Radcliffe published an essay distinguishing two elements of horror fiction, terror and horror.  Whereas terror is a feeling of dread that takes place before an event happens, horror is a feeling of revulsion or disgust after an event has happened.  Radcliffe describes terror as that which expands the soul and awakens the faculties to a high degree of life, whereas horror is described as that which freezes and nearly annihilates them.

Modern scholarship on horror fiction draws upon a range of sources.  In their historical studies of the gothic novel, both Devandra Varma and S.L. Varnado make reference to the theologian Rudolf Otto, whose concept of the numinous was originally used to describe religious experience.

Awards And Associations

Achievements in horror fiction are recognised by numerous awards.  The Horror Writers Association presents the Bram Stoker Awards for Superior Achievement, named in honour of Bram Stoker, author of the seminal horror novel Dracula.  The Australian Horror Writers Association presents the annual Australian Shadows Awards.  The International Horror Guild Award was presented annually to works of horror and dark fantasy from 1995 to 2008.  The Shirley Jackson Awards are literary awards for outstanding achievement in the literature of psychological suspense, horror, and dark fantastic works.  Other important awards for horror literature are included as subcategories within general awards for fantasy and science fiction in such awards as the Aurealis Award.

Alternative Terms

Some writers of fiction normally classified as horror tend to dislike the term, considering it too lurid.  They instead use the terms dark fantasy or Gothic fantasy for supernatural horror, or psychological thriller for non-supernatural horror.

Horror Films Since The 1890’s

For more Horror film lists click here.

Read more about Horror and notes etc. regarding the above post here.

The above articles and the rest of the images on this page were sourced from Wikipedia and are subject to change.

Blog Posts

Links

Alexas_Fotos on Pixabay – The image shown at the top of this page is the copyright of Alexas_Fotos.  You can find more great work from the photographer Alexa and lots more free stock photos at Pixabay.

The image above of The Raven by Gustave Dore is via Wikipedia and is in the public domain.

The image above of Vlad the Impaler is unknown via Wikipedia and is in the public domain.

The image above of Horace Walpole by Joshua Reynolds is via Wikipedia and is in the public domain. 

The image above of Athenodorus by Henry Justice Ford is via Wikipedia and is in the public domain.

The image above of Mary Shelley by Richard Rothwell is via Wikipedia and is in the public domain.

The image shown above of Stephen King is the copyright of Wikipedia user Pinguino Kolb.  It comes with a Creative Commons licence (CC BY-SA 2.0)

The image above of The Irish Frankenstein by John Tenniel is via Wikipedia and is in the public domain.

Universal Pictures – U.K. official website.

Universal Pictures on YouTube.

Universal Pictures on Facebook.

Universal Pictures on Twitter.

Universal Studios – Official website.

Universal Studios on YouTube.

Universal Studios on Facebook.

Universal Studios on Twitter

Mental Health

Image © of cottonbro via Pexels

Something that has impacted most of my life.

You can read more about this important topic in my Decades section and in my blog posts below.

About Mental Health

Mental health is “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community”, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).  Mental health includes subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, intergenerational dependence, and self-actualization of one’s intellectual and emotional potential, among others.  From the perspectives of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual’s ability to enjoy life and to create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.  Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional theories all affect how one defines “mental health”.  Some early signs related to health problems are sleep irritation, lack of energy and suicidal thinking.

The History Of Mental Health

Early History

In the mid-19th century, William Sweetser was the first to coin the term mental hygiene, which can be seen as the precursor to contemporary approaches to work on promoting positive mental health.  Isaac Ray, the fourth president of the American Psychiatric Association and one of its founders, further defined mental hygiene as “the art of preserving the mind against all incidents and influences calculated to deteriorate its qualities, impair its energies, or derange its movements”.

In American history, mentally ill patients were thought to be religiously punished.  This response persisted through the 1700s, along with the inhumane confinement and stigmatization of such individuals.  Dorothea Dix (1802–1887) was an important figure in the development of the “mental hygiene” movement.  Dix was a school teacher who endeavoured to help people with mental disorders and to expose the sub-standard conditions into which they were put.  This became known as the “mental hygiene movement”.  Before this movement, it was not uncommon that people affected by mental illness would be considerably neglected, often left alone in deplorable conditions without sufficient clothing.  From 1840 to 1880, she won over the support of the federal government to set up over 30 state psychiatric hospitals; however, they were understaffed, under-resourced, and were accused of violating human rights.

Emil Kraepelin in 1896 developed the taxonomy of mental disorders which has dominated the field for nearly 80 years. Later, the proposed disease model of abnormality was subjected to analysis and considered normality to be relative to the physical, geographical and cultural aspects of the defining group.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Clifford Beers founded “Mental Health America – National Committee for Mental Hygiene”, after the publication of his accounts as a patient in several lunatic asylums, A Mind That Found Itself, in 1908 and opened the first outpatient mental health clinic in the United States.

The mental hygiene movement, similar to the social hygiene movement, had at times been associated with advocating eugenics and sterilization of those considered too mentally deficient to be assisted into productive work and contented family life.  In the post-WWII years, references to mental hygiene were gradually replaced by the term ‘mental health’ due to its positive aspect that evolves from the treatment of illness to preventive and promotive areas of healthcare.

Read more about The History Of Mental Health here

Mental Health Disorders

Mental health, as defined by the Public Health Agency of Canada, is an individual’s capacity to feel, think, and act in ways to achieve a better quality of life whilst respecting personal, social, and cultural boundaries.  Impairment of any of these is a risk factor for mental disorders, which are components of mental health.  Mental disorders are defined as health conditions that affect and alters cognitive functioning, emotional responses, and behaviour associated with distress and/or impaired functioning.  The DSM-5 is used as a classification system of various mental disorders.

Mental health is associated with a number of lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, stress, drug abuse, social connections and interactions.  Therapists, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurse practitioners, or family physicians can help manage mental illness with treatments such as therapy, counselling or medication.

Read more about Mental Health here.

The above articles were taken from Wikipedia and are subject to change.

Mental Health Conditions

The following list is from the NHS Mental Health page.  Click on each link for further help and advice on that particular condition.

Mental Health Charities

Anxiety UKOfficial website.  They were formed in 1970, by Katharine and Harold Fisher as a result of Katharine’s experience of agoraphobia and her desire to develop support for others similarly affected.  Since those early beginnings, they have grown to become a national organisation with an international reach, whilst retaining a user-led ethos – being run by and for those with anxiety.  Many of their small seven-strong staff team have their own lived experience and understand the distress, isolation and misery that anxiety can cause.  We’re here to help and can support you to find ways to control anxiety instead of it controlling you.

Bipolar UK – Official website.  Their mission is to empower everyone affected by bipolar to live well and fulfil their potential.

Birmingham MindOfficial website.  Birmingham Mind is the largest independent mental health charity providing services in and beyond the City of Birmingham’s boundaries.  Their website shows how they are promoting wellbeing and recovery, providing high-quality support and challenging the stigma of mental distress.

CALMOfficial website.  CALM stands for Campaign Against Living Miserably and they are taking a stand against suicide.  That means standing against feeling shit, standing up to stereotypes, and standing together to show life is always worth living.  125 lives are lost every week to suicide.  And 75% of all UK suicides are male.  They exist to change this.  They do it by provoking conversation, running life-saving services, and bringing people together so they reject living miserably, get help when they need it and don’t die by suicide.  But they can’t do it alone. Stand with them.

Mental Health Foundation – Official website.  Their vision is for a world with good mental health for all.   They work to prevent mental health problems.  Helping people understand, protect and sustain their mental health.  They will drive change towards a mentally healthy society for all, and support communities, families and individuals to live mentally healthier lives, with a particular focus on those at greatest risk.

Mind Official website.  Mind provide advice and support to empower anyone experiencing a mental health problem.  They campaign to improve services, raise awareness and promote understanding.  They won’t give up until everyone experiencing a mental health problem gets support and respect.

Rethink Mental IllnessOfficial website.  Their vision is for equality, rights, fair treatment and maximum quality of life for all those affected by mental illness, their carers, family and friends.  As one of the largest charitable providers of services for people living with mental illness, they are well placed to make a direct impact on the care people receive.  But they have a much larger vision too – to transform at every level the way our nation approaches mental illness.  Every year, our diverse range of information and support helps tens of thousands of people get through crises, live independently and feel that they do not have to face mental illness alone.

Samaritans – Official website.  Whatever you’re facing, a Samaritan will face it with you.  Every day, Samaritans volunteers respond to around 10,000 calls for help.  They are here, day or night, for anyone who’s struggling to cope, who needs someone to listen without judgement or pressure.  Samaritans are not only for the moment of crisis, they are taking action to prevent the crisis.  They give people ways to cope and the skills to be there for others.  And they encourage, promote and celebrate those moments of connection between people that can save lives.  They offer to listen and support people and communities in times of need.  In prisons, schools, hospitals and on the rail network, Samaritans are working with people who are going through a difficult time and training others to do the same.  Every life lost to suicide is a tragedy, and Samaritans’ vision is that fewer people die by suicide.  That’s why they work tirelessly to reach more people and make suicide prevention a priority.

The Blurt Foundation – Official website.  Think of them as the knowing nod.  You’ve seen it – a slight bob of the head, often accompanied by a smile.  A little movement that says, “I understand”, “I’m listening” and “I’m here for you”. That’s Blurt.  They really understand how devastating depression can be.  Jobs come to an end, relationships break down and lives can be lost, all through the effect of depression.  That’s why the work they do is so important – it not only changes lives but saves them.

YoungMinds – Official website.  The sheer scale of the problem we’re faced with can feel overwhelming.  More young people than ever before need support for their mental health and accessing that support quickly can make a critical difference to those young people.  Yet, most of the time those young people need to wait. And wait. And wait.  When it feels like nothing is there for you when you need it most, you feel alone.  For far too many young people, this is their reality.  When they need help and can’t get it, it feels like they’re being told they don’t matter.  YoungMinds have called their strategy ‘You Matter’ because, ultimately, that is what this is all about.

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2020’s

The Decade My Recovery Began

On November the 11th, 2020 my 2nd Granddaughter Millie was born.  She was followed a week later on the 21st November 2020 with the birth of my 3rd granddaughter Sky.  Sadly a month later I lost another beloved pet, my dog Rosie who passed away suddenly on the 11th of December, 2020.  With that tragic event to go along with all the tragic events of the previous decade and my living environment seeming impossible to sort out I knew I had to try and move because living at Crossfield Road, Kitts Green was slowly killing me.

In 2021 I finally managed to downsize from a very lonely 3 bedroomed house to a homely 1 bedroom bungalow I have been wanting for years but had no chance of getting.  Hitting 55 was the best thing that could have happened to me in a long time!  At last, I had moved back home to Shard End, my spiritual home.  Obviously, I won’t say where for security reasons.  I don’t think I would be here to write this if I had not moved so soon after Rosie’s passing, I truly believe that.  Steadily and slowly I am rebuilding my life, minimising as much stress as I can.  My Mom would have wanted that for me.  It is sad that she can’t see where I live now but I know she is pleased with me.  I still have mental health problems, they are part of me, it is a medical condition but it is one I shall try to keep under control the best I can.  I will have my bad days as well as good ones but thankfully the darker days that wanted me to totally give in are better under control.

For the first time in a very long time, I feel content and I had forgotten since I left school what that felt like.   

On January the 15th, 2022 my 3rd Granddaughter Aurora was born.  Despite this wonderful event, the year’s start is mixed with very dark thoughts that haunt me.  I  struggle more with my depression and anxiety during the winter months.  I hope my mind gets better soon because it is not in a good place right now.  Moving may have solved one problem for me but unfortunately, the feeling of loneliness eats away at me and winter does not help one bit. 

My memorable memories of this decade so far are the birth of Millie, Sky and Aurora and moving to my bungalow with lots more to come I am sure.

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Decades

Image © of Dimitry Anikin via Pexels

Time goes by in the blink of an eye and before you know it decades have passed before you know it. These are the decades of my life containing memories (what I can remember) and more.

You will find lots more relevant content on various pages on my website and blog posts.

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